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Optimal design of Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifiers

with an Yb-band fiber Bragg grating

Qun Han,

1,2,

* Wenchuan Yan,

1,2

Yunzhi Yao,

1,2

Yaofei Chen,

1,2

and Tiegen Liu

1,2

College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Key Lab of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China

*Corresponding author: hanqun@tju.edu.cn

Received January 5, 2016; revised January 29, 2016; accepted February 3, 2016;

posted February 4, 2016 (Doc. ID 256644); published March 11, 2016

In this paper, Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifiers (EYDFAs) with an Yb-band fiber Bragg grating (FBG) at the pump

end to improve the performance of the amplifier is systematically studied. The influence of the reflectivity and

center wavelength of the FBG along with the gain-fiber length on the performance of an EYDFA are numerically

analyzed. The results show that the wavelength of the FBG has critical influence on the efficiency of the EYDFA,

whereas the requirement to its reflectivity is relaxed. It is an effective and promising way to improve the efficiency

of a high-power pumped EYDFA by introducing a suitable Yb-band FBG at the pump end. Based on the analysis of

the underlying principles, suggestions for the practical design and possible further improvement strategies are also

OCIS codes: (060.2320) Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators; (060.2410) Fibers, erbium; (140.3615)

Lasers, ytterbium; (060.3735) Fiber Bragg gratings.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.4.000053

1. INTRODUCTION

In high-power pumped Er/Yb co-doped fiber amplifiers

(EYDFAs) and lasers, the Yb-band amplified spontaneous

emission (ASE) and the resulting parasitic lasing or self-puls-

ing has been well-recognized as a main obstacle to their effi-

ciency improving and power scaling [1–3]. In our previous

work, we revealed, based on numerical simulations, that

the Yb-band ASE can be effectively suppressed by the stimu-

lated amplification and reabsorption of an actively introduced

co-pump propagating auxiliary Yb-band signal at proper

wavelength [4,5]. In [5], we systematically investigated the

influences of the wavelength and power of the auxiliary signal,

the fiber length, and the pump power on the efficiency of an

EYDFA. The effectiveness of this method has been experi-

mentally well established in several different schemes [6–11].

Recently, we experimentally demonstrated that the same pur-

pose can be accomplished in an improved way by introducing

a high-reflection Yb-band fiber Bragg grating (FBG) at the

pump-end of an EYDFA to passively autogenerate an appro-

priate auxiliary signal as the pump power increases to certain

extent [12]. Compared with the active scheme, the passive

scheme is more compact, cost-effective, and truly compatible

with the double-clad gain fibers commonly used in a high-

power EYDFA.

In this paper, high-power pumped EYDFAs with an Yb-band

FBG at the pump end are numerically optimized. The influ-

ence of the center wavelength and reflectivity of the FBG on

the performance of an EYDFA is systematically analyzed. The

results show that, although the higher the better, the require-

ment to the reflectivity of the Yb-band FBG is quite lenient. A

reflectivity of about 3 dB is usually sufficient. Whereas the

center wavelength of the FBG has a crucial influence on the

performance of the EYDFA, it not only influences the avail-

able power or efficiency of the amplifier but also determines

the optimal fiber length and the undesirable residual power

of the autogenerated adding signal at the output end of the

EYDFA. Furthermore, it can even only have negative influ-

ence on the efficiency of the EYDFA if it is not properly

selected.

2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND

ANALYSIS

A diagram of the typical configuration of an EYDFA with a

pump-end Yb-band FBG is shown in Fig. 1. The to-be-amplified

1.5 μm band signal can come from a discrete seed source or a

pre-stage EYDFA. In the simulations, it is assumed to be a

100 mW continuous wave laser at 1550 nm. High-power laser

diodes at ∼976 or 915 nm are commonly used as the pump to

an EYDFA. In either cases, the Yb-ASE problem will eventu-

ally occur with the increase of the pump power [4]. To facili-

tate the comparison with the recently reported experimental

results [12], we assume that the pump is at 976 nm with a

total power of 16.5 W. For the same reason, the gain fiber

is assumed to be the CorActive DCF-EY-10/128. The doping

concentrations of Yb

3

and Er

3

are 4.1461259 × 10

and

3.4687154 × 10

ions∕m

, respectively. The cross-relaxation

coefficient between Yb and Er ions is 1.55 × 10

−22

∕s

(determined by fitting to experimental results). The Yb and

Er cross sections of the fiber are shown in Fig. 2. The emission

cross sections have been slightly smoothed, based on the

manufacturer provided sections [4], by fitting the simulated

ASE spectra to the experimentally measured ones. Then, the

absorption cross sections are calculated by the McCumber

theory [13]. In the simulation, the Yb- and Er-band ASE in the

respective spectral ranges of 1000–1100 and 1500–1600 nm are

sliced into discrete channels with a wavelength step of 1 nm.

The underlying theoretical model and numerical methods

have been detailed in our previous work [14].

Han et al. Vol. 4, No. 2 / April 2016 / Photon. Res. 53

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