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Physics Letters B 788 (2019) 371–379

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

First results on nucleon resonance photocouplings

from the γ p → π

−

p reaction

CLAS Collaboration

E. Golovatch

ai,∗

, V.D. Burkert

, D.S. Carman

, R.W. Gothe

, K. Hicks

, B.S. Ishkhanov

V.I. Mokeev

al,∗∗

, E. Pasyuk

al,b

, S. Adhikari

, Z. Akbar

, M.J. Amaryan

, H. Avakian

J. Ball

, L. Barion

, M. Bashkanov

, M. Battaglieri

, I. Bedlinskiy

, A.S. Biselli

k,e

S. Boiarinov

, W.J. Briscoe

, F. Cao

, A. Celentano

, P. Chatagnon

, T. Chetry

G. Ciullo

r,l

, L. Clark

, B.A. Clary

, P.L. Cole

, M. Contalbrigo

, V. Crede

, A. D’Angelo

u,ah

N. Dashyan

, R. De Vita

, E. De Sanctis

, M. Defurne

, A. Deur

, S. Diehl

, C. Djalali

M. Dugger

, R. Dupre

, H. Egiyan

, M. Ehrhart

, A. El Alaoui

, L. El Fassi

L. Elouadrhiri

, P. Eugenio

, G. Fedotov

, R. Fersch

h,ar

, A. Filippi

, Y. Ghandilyan

G.P. Gilfoyle

, K.L. Giovanetti

, F.X. Girod

al,g

, D.I. Glazier

, K.A. Griﬃoen

, M. Guidal

L. Guo

, K. Haﬁdi

, H. Hakobyan

am,as

, N. Harrison

, M. Hattawy

, D. Heddle

h,al

M. Holtrop

, Y. Ilieva

aj,p

, D.G. Ireland

, E.L. Isupov

, D. Jenkins

, H.S. Jo

z,w

S. Johnston

, K. Joo

, M.L. Kabir

, D. Keller

, G. Khachatryan

, M. Khachatryan

M. Khandaker

, W. Kim

, A. Klein

, F.J. Klein

, V. Kubarovsky

al,af

, L. Lanza

, P. Lenisa

K. Livingston

, I.J.D. MacGregor

, D. Marchand

, N. Markov

, B. McKinnon

C.A. Meyer

, R.A. Montgomery

, A. Movsisyan

, C. Munoz Camacho

P. Nadel-Turonski

, S. Niccolai

, G. Niculescu

, M. Osipenko

, A.I. Ostrovidov

M. Paolone

, R. Paremuzyan

, K. Park

al,z

, O. Pogorelko

, J.W. Price

, Y. Prok

ae,aq

D. Protopopescu

, M. Ripani

, D. Riser

, A. Rizzo

u,ah

, G. Rosner

, F. Sabatié

C. Salgado

, R.A. Schumacher

, Y.G. Sharabian

, Iu. Skorodumina

, G.D. Smith

D.I. Sober

, D. Sokhan

, N. Sparveris

, I.I. Strakovsky

, S. Strauch

aj,p

, M. Taiuti

J.A. Tan

, N. Tyler

, M. Ungaro

al,i,af

, H. Voskanyan

, E. Voutier

, R. Wang

, X. Wei

M.H. Wood

d,aj

, N. Zachariou

, J. Zhang

, Z.W. Zhao

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA

Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA

California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA

Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA

Irfu/SPhN, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA

University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA

Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0305, USA

Fairﬁeld University, Fairﬁeld, CT 06824, USA

Universita’ di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA

Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA

Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy

Corresponding author.

Principal corresponding author.

E-mail

addresses: golovach@jlab.org (E. Golovatch), mokeev@jlab.org (V.I. Mokeev).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.013

0370-2693/

SCOAP

372 CLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 788 (2019) 371–379

The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA

Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA

INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy

INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy

INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy

INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy

Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France

Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia

James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA

Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5167, USA

University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3568, USA

Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA

Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA

University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA

Universita’ di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia

University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA

Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile

Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom

University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom

Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0435, USA

University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA

College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA

Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

4 June 2018

Received

in revised form 26 August 2018

Accepted

8 October 2018

Available

online 12 October 2018

Editor:

M. Doser

Keywords:

Two

pion photoproduction

Resonance

photocouplings

Baryon

state

We report the ﬁrst experimental measurements of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the γ p →

−

p reaction, obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements cover the

invariant mass range of the ﬁnal state hadrons from 1.6 GeV < W < 2.0 GeV. For the ﬁrst time the

photocouplings of all prominent nucleon resonances in this mass range have been extracted from this

exclusive channel. Photoproduction of two charged pions is of particular importance for the evaluation

of the photocouplings for the (1620)1/2

−

, (1700)3/2

−

, N(1720)3/2

, and (1905)5/2

resonances,

which have dominant decays into the ππN ﬁnal states rather than the more extensively studied single

meson decay channels.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

Studies of the excitation spectrum of the nucleon and the reso-

nance

photocouplings from the experimental data on exclusive me-

son

photoproduction represent an important avenue in the explo-

ration

of the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime [1].

Evaluation of the excited nucleon spectrum within Lattice QCD [2]

and

continuous QCD approaches [3] adds to our understanding

of how to relate the experimental results on the N

∗

spectrum

to the dynamics of strong QCD and its emergence from the QCD

Lagrangian. In the past decade, data on exclusive meson photopro-

duction

off the nucleon have been obtained at CLAS, ELSA, MAMI,

GRAAL, and LEPS [4–6,8,7,9–13]. The new data include differential

cross sections, as well as single-, double-, and triple-polarization

asymmetries. This wealth of data provides for rigorous constraints

on the reaction amplitudes that are necessary in order to poten-

tially

access the amplitudes for two-body ﬁnal states such as π N,

ηN, η



N, KY, and K

∗

Y , to constrain the ωp and φ p amplitudes,

and to extend the knowledge on the reaction mechanisms for the

double-meson channels ππN and πηN.

global multichannel analysis of these data by the Bonn–

Gatchina

group [14–16] has provided strong evidence for several

new baryon states that have been reported in the recent edi-

tion

of the Review of Particle Properties (PDG) [17]. Strong evi-

dence

for the existence of the N(1710)1/2

, N(1895)1/2

−

, and

N(1900)3/2

resonances has recently become available [18]. In

particular, the CLAS photoproduction data in the KY channels

[19–22] has had a decisive impact on these ﬁndings. However,

the π

−

p photoproduction data is also sensitive to new baryon

states [23,24] and offers another complementary channel to search

for such states. Nucleon resonances established in photoproduction

can also be observed in exclusive electroproduction off the proton

at different photon virtualities Q

, with Q

-independent masses

and hadronic decay widths. This signature provides strong evi-

dence

for the existence of new states. Therefore, combined studies

of the π

−

p photo- and electroproduction data available from

CLAS [24–26]can potentially allow for the validation of the exis-

tence

of missing baryon states in a nearly model-independent way.

These studies have already provided substantial evidence for the

existence of the new N



(1720)3/2

baryon state [24].

Furthermore,

the ππN channels of all charge combinations are

also a unique source of information on the production of sev-

eral

well-established resonances with masses above 1.6 GeV. So

far, the photocouplings of most N

∗

and 

∗

states reported in the

PDG were obtained from π N and multichannel photoproduction

[14–16]. The ππN photoproduction data analyzed in the mass

range above 1.6 GeV include π

p data [7,10,11], but do not yet

include data on π

−

p cross sections from a proton target. How-

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