1
采空区治理中堆积角对充填墩柱承载力影响试验研究
朱世彬*，王晓东，许刚刚，苗贺朝
（中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司，西安 710000）
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目
(51404295)
；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目
(2016JM5056;2015JQ5185)
；中煤科工集团
西安研究院有限公司科技创新基金项目（2017XAYZD04）
作者简介：朱世彬(1987-)，女，汉族，安徽五河人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事矿山地质灾害防护和采空区治理方面的研
究工作。
Tel
：
029-85576504
，
E-mail
：
zhushibin@cctegxian.com
摘 要：高浓度浆液具有环保、节能、减排、安全、高效等特点，正逐步被认可与应用，其注入到采空区后通常形成支撑圆
台，不同堆积角度圆台对上覆岩层的支撑效果不同，掌握堆积角度对圆台承载力影响至关重要。为研究堆积角度对圆台承载
力的作用规律，利用 3D 打印技术进行模具制作。选取水泥为胶结材料，标准砂为骨料，配制胶结料和骨料质量比为 1:3，
水和水泥质量比为 0.56 的高浓度浆液。将高浓度浆液浇筑到模具中，制作不同堆积角度圆台试样。高浓度浆液在模具中静
置
1
天后脱模，随后将试样放在水中进行养护，待龄期为
7
天时，利用
WAW-300
微机控制电液伺服万能试验机，进行单轴
抗压试验。结果表明，圆台直径和高度相同时，堆积角越小，极限承载能力越强。堆积角 30°、45°和 60°的受力-变形曲
线上升阶段与经典受压应力
-
应变曲线一致，破坏过程均可分为Ⅰ短暂弹性阶段；Ⅱ裂隙扩展阶段；Ⅲ维护结构失效阶段。
不同堆积角圆台形试样受压破坏过程相似，由于周围材料对受力核心区的围护，起到了提供围压的作用，使得堆积角越小，
围压越大，圆台试样越不易被破坏。随着堆积角度的增大，试样单位体积承载力增大。不考虑墩柱的排布设计，只考虑其承
载力算数和时，同一注浆量下，堆积角越大，承载效果越好。
关键词：大空洞采空区；高浓度浆液；充填墩柱；堆积角；承载力
中图分类号： 文献标识码：
A
Experimental Study on Influence of Stacking angles on the Bearing
Capacity of Filled Pier in the Treatment of Large Hollow Goaf
ZHU Shi-bin*, WANG Xiao-dong, XU Gang-gang, MIAO Hechao
( Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi’an, 710000, China)
Abstract: High-concentration slurry is environmentally-friendly, energy-saving, emission-reducing, safe, and efficient. It is gradually
recognized and applied. After being injected into the goaf, the supporting round table is usually formed. Different stacking angles
have different supporting effects on overlying strata. And it is important to grasp the influence of the stacking angle on the bearing
capacity of the round table. In order to study the effect of the stacking angle on the bearing capacity of the round table, the 3D
printing technology was used to make the mold. The cement was selected as the cementing material, the standard sand was the
aggregate, and the high-concentration slurry with the mass ratio of the cement and the aggregate was 1:3, and the mass ratio of the
water to the cement was 0.56. The high-concentration slurry was poured into a mold to prepare round table samples of different
stacking angles. The high-concentration slurry was released after being allowed to stand in the mold for 1 day, and then the samples
were placed in water for curing. When the age was 7 days, the uniaxial compression test was carried out by a WAW-300
microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine. Test results show that, when the diameter and height of
the circular truncated cone are the same, the smaller the stacking angle, the stronger the ultimate bearing capacity. The
force-deformation curve rise phase of the stacking angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° is consistent with the stress-strain curve during the
classical compression process. The failure process can be divided into I transient elastic phase; II fracture expansion phase; III
maintenance structure failure phase. The frustum of a cone specimens with different stacking angles are similar in compression
process. Due to the surrounding material's protection of the core area, the confining pressure is provided, so that the smaller the
stacking angle, the larger the confining pressure, and the more difficult the frustum of a cone specimen is to be destroyed. As the
packing angle increases, the unit volume bearing capacity of the sample increases. Regardless of the layout design of the piers, only
the arithmetic sum of bearing capacities of all piers is considered. When the amount of grouting is the same, the larger the stacking
angle, the better the bearing effect.
Key words: large hollow goaf; high concentration slurry; filled pier; stacking angle; the bearing capacity
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