便携式一氧化碳监测仪设计（原理图、PCB、源代码、设计说明等）-电路方案

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TIDUB41–May 2016

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MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor

TI Designs

MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Monitor

MSP430, LaunchPad, Code Composer Studio are trademarks of Texas Instruments.

Mac is a registered trademark of Apple Inc.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Windows, Android are registered trademarks of Microsoft Inc.

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Inc..

Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

TI Designs

TI Designs provide the foundation that you need

including methodology, testing, and design files to

quickly evaluate and customize the system. TI Designs

help you accelerate your time to market.

Design Resources

TIDM-1CHP-DTECT-CO

TI Design Files

MSP430FG6626 Product Folder

LMP91000 Product Folder

TPD2E001 Product Folder

LM4120AIM5 Product Folder

LMC6442AIM Product Folder

CO-AF Product Folder

ASK Our E2E Experts

Design Features

• Ultra-Low Power Design

• LCD Readout

• USB Connectivity

• Cost Effective

• Single-Chip Solution

Featured Applications

• Portable Gas Detectors

• Environmental Monitoring

• Industrial Gas Sensing

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this TI reference design addresses authorized use, intellectual property matters and other

important disclaimers and information.

System Description

www.ti.com

TIDUB41–May 2016

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MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor

1 System Description

A trend among semiconductor manufacturers is to integrate analog circuits and digital circuits into a single

mixed-signal integrated circuit die. Although there are benefits to integrating analog and digital circuits into

a single die, mixed-signal ICs are more difficult to design and manufacture than analog- or digital-only

integrated circuits. For mixed-signal ICs, the main design challenge is to minimize substrate coupling. In a

mixed-signal IC, a signal can couple from one node to another through the substrate. The desire to

increase digital circuit speed, analog resolution, transistor density and chip complexity, and the

interconnectivity of layers continues to increase the design challenges of mixed-signal IC.

There are many benefits from integrating analog peripherals into MCUs. MCUs integrated with analog

peripherals to reduce BOM, power consumption, PCB real estate, time-to-market, and circuit board size.

The MSP430FG6626 is a truly mixed-signal integrated circuit. In addition to the typical analog peripherals

MSP430™ customers are accustomed to seeing (ADC, comparators, and REF voltage reference), the

MSP430FG6626 comes with two additional analog peripherals: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and

two operational amplifiers (op amps). By integrating op amps and a DAC directly onto the MPS430 IC, you

can construct a simple DSS (Digital Sub-circuit) using only an MSP430 IC. By integrating the op amps into

the MSP430 IC, the designer can achieve the flexibility of DSS with a reduced count of AFE IC sensor

subcircuits.

This TI Design was developed to demonstrate the capabilities of the new MSP430FG6626 device. An

electrochemical CO monitor is a test and measurement device that can accurately and efficiently detect

CO parts per million (PPM) concentrations. At the heart of a CO monitor is a polypotentiostat subcircuit.

The construction of a polypotentiostat subcircuit requires only two op amps and a variety of passive

electrical components .

Current electrochemical CO monitors implement either DSS or the AFE IC approach. Although both

solutions work, they are technically a multi-chip solution, prone to errors, more expensive, and require

more space on a PCB. A more elegant and cost-effective solution is the proposed single-chip solution

where the polypotentiostat subcircuit is constructed using the integrated MSP430FG6626 op amps.

USB

Power

switch

Carbon monoxide

sensor subcircuit

LEDs

MCU

buttons

LCD

JTAG

www.ti.com

System Description

TIDUB41–May 2016

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MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor

Figure 1 shows the constructed CO monitor. The constructed CO monitor is battery operated (requires two

AA batteries), compact (108 mm × 76 mm), and light (30 g). An MSP4306626 MCU that runs the algorithm

is at the center of this board. An FH-1138P segment LCD displays the current calculated CO PPM. Push-

buttons are provided to navigate through the menu options. The two LEDs are provided for debugging

purposes. Unlike LaunchPad™, the CO monitor is not equipped with an EZ-FET programmer and as a

result, requires an MSP-FET programmer to reprogram or debug. The MSP-FET programmer can also

power the board because the board consumes less than 100 mA. The JTAG connector is to the left of the

MCU. The monitor is also equipped with USB support. The USB micro-socket can power the board, pipe

the CO PPM through USB to a Windows

graphical application, and reprogram the monitor using BSL.

The battery compartment is on the back of the CO monitor. The board may be set to BSL mode and an

executable can be updated thought USB. As shown in Figure 1, at the center of the monitor is an

Alphasense Co-AF sensor and the polypotentiostat subcircuit.

Figure 1. CO Monitor

As Figure 1 shows, the CO monitor also has USB capabilities. The USB interface can be connected to

either a power supply or a host computer. If the CO monitor is connected through the USB interface to a

power supply, the USB interface is used to power the board. If the CO monitor is connected through the

USB interface to a host computer, a CO monitor can stream CO concentrations to the host computer. The

streamed CO data is displayed on an easy-to read and use GUI-based application. Figure 17 shows a

snapshot of the GUI-based application. To stream CO concentrations to a host computer, the host

computer must meet the following requirements:

• Be running a Windows

operating system

• Have the latest version of Java

run-time environment (JRE) installed

• Have the custom built GUI-based application installed

Block Diagram

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TIDUB41–May 2016

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MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor

If any of these requirements is not met, host computer can only serve as a power source. The advantage

of streaming the data to a GUI is that current as well as prior CO concentrations can be displayed.

Although TI designed the custom-built GUI for Windows OS, the GUI can be easily ported over to either a

Mac

or Linux

OS because it was written using the Java programming language. The custom built GUI-

based application is provided as a Windows installer file. Install JRE before installing the GUI. JRE can be

downloaded and installed in the host system from [12].

2 Block Diagram

Figure 2. CO Monitor Block Diagram

2.1 Highlighted Products

Figure 2 shows the CO monitor block diagram. The block diagram key is at the bottom of Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows that the CO monitor system contains three polypotentiostat subcircuits. Although the CO

monitor contains three polypotentiostat subcircuits, only one can be enabled at a time. Figure 2 shows that

all three polypotentiostat subcircuits interface to the MCU and the electrochemical sensor similarly.

www.ti.com

Block Diagram

TIDUB41–May 2016

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MSP430 Single-Chip, Portable, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor

2.1.1 CO Sensor Subcircuits

All three polypotentiostat circuits shown in are of type electrochemical. Furthermore, all three solutions

essentially implement the subcircuit shown in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 3, the polypotentiostat

subcircuit is composed of two Op Amps and a variety of passive components. The Op Amp on the left is

the control amplifier, whereas the amplifier on the right is the transimpedance amplifier. The performance

of the electrochemical circuit is dependent on the electrical parameters of the Op Amps. For the purpose

of this document, CO monitor are classified as either single chip or multichip solutions. The AFE and the

DSS are considered multichip and the proposed mixed-signal MSP is considered the single chip solution.

Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the AFE solution is easy to integrate

and has a smaller footprint but lacks flexibility. The DSS offers higher flexibility but has a larger footprint

and is more difficult to integrate. AFE and DSS both have a multichip count. The mixed-signal MSP

solution is highly flexible, has a small footprint, and is easy to integrate. Due to the high level of

uncertainty, alternates are presented to illustrate different approaches.

Figure 3. Polypotentiostat Circuit and Electrochemical Cell

2.1.1.1 Multichip Solutions

For the purposes of this document, multichip solution refers to the number of ICs chips required to

construct a simple CO monitor system and does not refer to the number of chips required to construct the

polypotentiostat circuit. Although not shown in Figure 2, AFE solution requires both the AFE and the MCU

while a DSS solution requires two discrete op amps and the MCU.

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