基于微小卫星绳网编队的空间碎片减缓技术研究
张帝 李春 高学海 许永生 何民
(深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司,深圳,518064)
摘要
随着人类探索太空活动频繁,空间轨道垃圾不断增加,如飞行器发生碰撞,失
效或故障卫星解体等所产生的空间碎片呈现几何式增长,高密度的碎片已经对空间安
全的构成非常严峻危害,尤其在近地轨道,数量已经达到饱和状态。其中直径大于 10cm
碎片容易监测,具有轨控能力的飞行器可以躲避,但碎片更小时无法跟踪和记录,且
数量占绝大部分,需要在轨飞行器必须具备有效的防护手段,这种被动方式促使飞行
器成本提高,不利于太空开发,也不能实际减少空间碎片数量。主动清除空间碎片如
空间机器人或者泡沫膨胀等,前者适用较大碎片,技术复杂,后者一般针对轨道较低
的碎片,因此需要研究微小型空间碎片高效的、经济适用的主动减缓方法。本文将深
入研究国内外清除空间碎片的方法和策略,结合经济、空间技术发展等因素,提出利
用微小卫星绳网编队的主动清除空间碎片的方法,研究分析编队构型设计、系统刚柔
混合动力学建模、空间碎片快速捕获稳定控制及高效转移清理等主要的关键技术,并
提出系统可行性解决方案,为后续开展空间碎片减缓工程实践奠定基础。
关键词 微小卫星;绳网编队;空间碎片;主动清除
Space debris mitigation technology research based on
micro-satellites tethered formation
Di zhang, Chun Li, Xuehai Gao, Yongsheng Xu, Min He
(Shenzhen Aerospace Dongfanghog HIT Satellite Ltd, Shenzhen,
518064)
Abstract
As human exploration of space activity frequent, the orbital space junk is increasing,
such as aircraft colliding, failure or malfunction satellite disintegrating, which caused space debris
geometric growth. So high-density debris has constituted a very serious hazard for space safety,
particularly in near-Earth orbit, the number has reached saturation. Where the diameter is greater
than 10cm pieces easy to monitor, with the ability to control the aircraft track can escape, but it is
difficult to track and record the Smaller fragments, and number accounted for most. Therefore,
aircraft must have an effective means of protection, such a passive way to promote aircraft costs, is
not conducive to the development of space, it also can not actually reduce the amount of space debris.
Take the initiative to remove space debris such as space robot and Bubble, however, the former
applies to larger debris with complex technology, the latter generally for lower orbital space debris.
So we need to study efficient and affordable active mitigation method for micro space debris. This
article will have deep research on clearing space debris, combined with economic factors, space
technology development, and we will propose space debris removal methods with the use of
micro-satellites tethered formation. Research and analysis some major key technology, such as
designing formation configuration, Establishing rigid hybrid system dynamics model, capturing space
debris quickly, stability control, and efficient clean-up. We will put forward solutions feasibility in
order to carry out engineering practice for Space debris mitigation.
keywords micro-satellite; tethered formation; space debris; mitigation
引言
随着人类探索太空活动频繁,空间碎片
收稿日期:
2015-7-31
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金(61473297);深圳市基
础研究项目(JCYJ20140903102802052).
已经是人类发展空间所面临的新的严峻题,
在世界各国引起了广泛关注。空间碎片也称
为太空垃圾,是人类空间活动的产物,包括
完成任务的火箭箭体和卫星本体、火箭的喷
射物、在执行航天任务过程中的抛弃物和空
间物体之间的碰撞产生的碎块等。2013 年
12 月,美国空间监测网(S S N)编目的在