在在Linux中查看进程占用的端口号中查看进程占用的端口号
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对于 Linux 系统管理员来说,清楚某个服务是否正确地绑定或监听某个端口,是至关重要的。如果你需要处理端口相关的问
题,这篇文章可能会对你有用。
端口是 Linux 系统上特定进程之间逻辑连接的标识,包括物理端口和软件端口。由于 Linux 操作系统是一个软件,因此本文只
讨论软件端口。软件端口始终与主机的 IP 地址和相关的通信协议相关联,因此端口常用于区分应用程序。大部分涉及到网络的
服务都必须打开一个套接字来监听传入的网络请求,而每个服务都使用一个独立的套接字。
套接字是和 IP 地址、软件端口和协议结合起来使用的,而端口号对传输控制协议(TCP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)协议都
适用,TCP 和 UDP 都可以使用 0 到 65535 之间的端口号进行通信。
以下是端口分配类别:
0 - 1023: 常用端口和系统端口
1024 - 49151: 软件的注册端口
49152 - 65535: 动态端口或私有端口
在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多关于保留端口的信息。
# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery
可以使用以下六种方法查看端口信息。
ss:可以用于转储套接字统计信息。
netstat:可以显示打开的套接字列表。
lsof:可以列出打开的文件。
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