Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019, 7, 112-119
https://www.scirp.org/journal/gep
ISSN Online: 2327-4344
ISSN Print: 2327-4336
DOI:
10.4236/gep.2019.710009 Oct. 28, 2019 112 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation
Dose Assessments in Ground Water
of Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia
Amal Hussain Al-Ghamdi
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, KSA
Abstract
Twenty samples of ground water were collected from different w
ells in
Al-Baha region which is located at south-east of Saudi Arabia. Gamma spec-
trometer based on HPGe crystal was applied to determine activity concentra-
tions in Bq∙L
−1
of the natural radio nuclides: Radium-226 and Thorium-
232
series also Potassium-40. The measured results indicate that the average con-
centrations of
226
Ra,
232
Th and
40
K in the studied samples w
ere 0.85, 0.43, and
2.84 Bq∙L
−1
, respectively. The average annual estimated effective dose was
found to be 0.058 mSv/y which is lower than the annual limit of the dose al-
lowed by WHO Thus, it has no harmful effects on health.
Keywords
Drilled Well Water, Natural Radioactivity, Doses, Hpge, Gamma Spectroscopy
1. Introduction
Natural radioactivity in groundwater arises from
238
U,
232
Th,
40
K and their decay
products which are produced as a result of the interactions between rocks and
water (Todorović et al., 2012; Kraemer & Genereux, 1998). Consequently these
radionuclides transported in ground water can enter the food chain through ir-
rigation waters and the water source through ground water wells (Malanca et al.,
1998). Thus, the ingestion of radionuclides in drinking water causes human in-
ternal exposure (Degerlier & Karahan, 2010). The estimated exposure of natural
radioactivity sources contributes dose was 2.4 mSv y
−1
(cosmic ray 0.4, terrestrial
gamma ray 0.5, radon 1.2, and food and drinking water 0.3) (UNSCEAR, 2000).
So, determinations of natural radioactivity concentrations in bedrock wells were
important to estimate the dose in the water samples (Salih et al., 2002). In the
How to cite this paper:
Al-Ghamdi, A. H.
(201
9).
Radioactivity Measurements and
Radiation Dose Assessments in Ground
Water of Al
-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia
.
Journal of Geoscience and Environment
Protection
, 7,
112-119.
https:
//doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.710009
Received:
September 2, 2019
Accepted:
October 25, 2019
Published:
October 28, 2019
Copyright © 201
9 by author(s) and
Scientific
Research Publishing Inc.
This
work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY
4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access
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