Impact of external optical feedback on the beat notes
of dual-polarization fiber lasers
Kuanglu Yu (余贶琭)
1
, Linghao Cheng (程凌浩)
2,
*, Yiqin Lao (劳奕琴)
2
,
Yunbo Li (李云波)
2
, Bai-Ou Guan (关柏鸥)
2
, Chongqing Wu (吴重庆)
3
,
and Yao Zhao (赵 耀)
1
1
Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of
Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
3
Institute of Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
*Corresponding author: chenglh@gmail.com
Received January 22, 2017; accepted March 24, 2017; posted online April 24, 2017
We present a theoretical analysis and an experimental study of the impacts of external optical feedback on dual-
frequency fiber lasers. The external optical feedback can effectively suppress the phase noise of the beat notes of
dual-frequency fiber lasers, provided some requirements are satisfied. The polarization of the optical feedback is
important for the fiber laser’s stability, and it can also tune the beat note frequency. A side effect of external
optical feedback, as demonstrated in the experiments, is lowering the sensitivity of the dual-frequency fiber laser-
based sensors, although such degradation is not obvious.
OCIS codes: 060.2370, 140.3425, 140.3510.
doi: 10.3788/COL201715.070604.
Fiber optic sensors have been developed for decades and
proved successful in various areas, with many advan-
tages. One category of fiber optic sensors is fiber Bragg
grating (FBG) sensors
[1]
, which gauge measurands by
discriminating the wavelength of their reflected spec-
trum. However, wavelength discrimination in the optical
domain is frequently complicated and expensive. To
come up with this, dual-frequency fiber grating l aser
or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser-based sensors
are proposed
[2]
, which make measurements by frequency
discrimination of the beat notes of the lasers in the
electrical domain, resulting in compact and cost-effective
solutions. Within the past few years, researchers
have managed to utilize this probe to detect lateral
force
[3]
, strain and temperature
[4]
, displacement
[5]
,hydro-
static pressure
[6]
,bending
[7]
,twisting
[8]
, sound and ultra-
sound
[9,10]
, acceleration
[11]
, electric current
[12]
, and even
magnetic fields
[13]
. For such sensors, the performance of
dual-frequency fiber lasers is very critical, as it deter-
mines the achievable measurement accuracy.
There are several factors involved in determining
the performance and limitations of dual-frequency fiber
lasers, such as the beat note’s intensity noise, its phase
noise, which contains information about the lasing
linewidth, and its frequency stability. Because the beat
note’s frequency is employed in the measurements, the
frequency stability and the phase noise are more relevant
in determining the performance. For mono-frequency
lasers, external optical feedback has been shown as an ef-
fective method for frequency stabilization and phase-noise
reduction
[14–17]
. The corresponding theoretical basis has
been well established
[18,19]
. For dual-frequency fiber lasers,
the application of external optical feedback and its effects
still remain seldom touched. We have recently demon-
strated through experiments the suppression of the phase
noise of the beat note of a dual-frequency fiber laser by
external optical feedback
[20]
. However the underly ing theo-
retical basis is left unexplored. In this manuscript, we
present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the impact
of external optical feedback on the beat notes of dual-
frequency fiber lasers. It shows that external optical feed-
back can effectively suppress the phase noise of the beat
note if some requirements are fulfilled. The polarization of
the optical feedback is also important for the stability of
the fiber laser and can tune the beat note frequency. A side
effect of external optical feedback, as demonstrated in the
experiments, is a 7% decrease in the sensitivity of dual-
frequency fiber laser-based sensors.
Figure
1 shows the schematic of a dual-frequency fiber
laser with a wavelength-matched FBG providing external
optical feedback. The fiber laser is formed by a couple of
FBGs, FBG
1
and FBG
2
, inscribed on a doped fiber with a
cavity length of d
DBR
. An external feedback cavity with an
effective length of d
ext
is composed of FBG
2
and a third
FBG, or FBG
3
. A fictitious reflector can then be assumed
r
1
FBG
2
d
DBR
d
ext
FBG
3
r
2
r
3
FBG
1
Laser out
r
eff
r
1
z
x
y
Fig. 1. Schematic of a dual-frequency fiber laser with external
optical feedback by an FBG reflector.
COL 15(7), 070604(2017) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS July 10, 2017
1671-7694/2017/070604(5) 070604-1 © 2017 Chinese Optics Letters
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