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硕士论文1
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硕士学位论文
密集热点区域无线网络性能分析与优化
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND
OPTIMIZATION IN DENSE HOTSPOT
WIRELESS NETWORKS
麻津铭
哈尔滨工业大学
2018 年 6 月
国内图书分类号:TN929.53
国际图书分类号:621.3
学校代码:10213
密级:公开
工程硕士学位论文
密集热点区域无线网络性能分析与优化
硕 士 研 究 生:麻津铭
导 师:陈晓华教授
申 请 学 位:工程硕士
学 科:电子与通信工程
所 在 单 位:电子与信息工程学院
答 辩 日 期:2018 年 6 月
授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学
Classified Index: TN929.53
U.D.C: 621.3
Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND
OPTIMIZATION IN DENSE HOTSPOT
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Candidate: Ma Jin-Ming
Supervisor: Prof. Hsiao-Hwa Chen
Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Engineering
Specialty: Electronics and Communication
Engineering
Affiliation: School of Electronics and
Information Engineering
Date of Defence: June, 2018
Degree-Conferring-Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology
哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
摘 要
第五代移动通信技术 ( the 5 th Generation Communication Technology,5G ) 将于
2020 年前后开始商用,相比于第四代移动通信技术 ( the 4th Generation Communica-
tion Technology,4G ),5G 网络的容量需求将有 1000 倍的增长。超密集组网 ( Ultra
Dense Networks, UDNs ) 通过在区域内放置更多的微基站 ( Small Base Station,SBS )
换取网络性能的提升,是一种能够提供巨大容量增益的十分可靠的技术。但是,超
密集组网使 SBS 之间的距离更近,随之带来的 SBS 之间干扰问题越发明显。在超
密集组网场景中,由于 SBS 之间的距离较近,因此 SBS 和用户构成的通信链路的
信道状态信息 ( Channel State Information,CSI ) 易于汇总到控制端,再由控制端控
制 SBS 进行数据的发送,达到 SBS 之间协作的目的。由于协作的 SBS 的天线之间
的距离远远大于天线的相关距离 ( Coherence Distance ),因此协作的 SBS 可以构成
一个分布式的多输入多输出 ( Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO ) 系统,协作
的 SBS 所服务的用户可以通过波束成型 (Beamforming,BF) 的方法将用户的接收
信号向量在空域上相互正交,达到干扰消除的目的。
首先,本文对基于格的基站部署方法进行了研究,包括环形的基站部署方法和
方格点的基站部署方法。对上述两种基站部署方法的拓扑结构进行了介绍,并对性
能进行了分析。对于环形的基站部署方法,讨论了环的半径 R 和基站的个数 N 对
整个网络的性能的影响。对于方格点的基站部署方法,讨论了 SBS 之间的横向间
距 l
1
和纵向间距 l
2
对网络的性能的影响。
接着,本文对基于泊松点过程 ( Poisson Point Process,PPP ) 的基站部署的性
能进行了研究,并假设用户的分布为混合二维高斯分布以反映网络中的用户的不
均匀性和聚集性。提出了一种简单可行的办法计算该场景下的覆盖率和单位面积
频谱效率等性能指标,并讨论了影响网络性能的相关参量。
本文最后对网络中用户的接收信干比 ( Signal Inference Ratio,SIR ) 性能做
进一步的优化。优化的过程分为两步,第一步出于对网络的同步性和复杂度要求
的考虑本文提出了基于深度优先搜索和以用户为中心的微基站分簇 ( Base Station
Clustering ) 算法,第二步对簇内采用基于 SBS 间协作的分布式迫零预编码 ( Zero-
Forcing Beamforming,ZFBF ) 技术优化网络中用户的接收 SIR,应用仿真分析的方
法讨论了优化后的网络的性能。
关键词: 超密集组网;随机几何;微基站分簇;联合传输;波束形成
- I -
哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
Abstract
The 5th-generation mobile communication technology (5G) will begin commercial
application around 2020. Compared to the 4th-generation mobile communication tech-
nology (4G), the capacity requirement of the 5G network will increase by 1,000 times.
The ultra-dense networks (UDNS) improves the network performance by placing more
base stations in the area. It is a very reliable technology that can provide huge capacity
gains. However, the UDNs makes the distance between SBSs closer, and the interference
between SBSs gets more obvious. In UDNs, since the distance between SBSs is rela-
tively close, it is easier to get the channel state information (CSI) of the communication
link formed by SBS and the user and submit to the controler. The controler instructs SBSs
to send data, achieving the cooperation between SBSs. Since the distance between the
antennas of the cooperative SBSs is much larger than the coherence distance of the anten-
nas, the cooperative SBSs can form a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
system. The users of the cooperative SBS can use the beamforming (BF) method to or-
thogonalize the user’s received signal vectors in the space domain, achieving the purpose
of interference cancellation.
Firstly,the grid-based base station deployment methods are introduced, including the
ring-shaped base station deployment method and the grid point base station deployment
method. The topology structure of the above two base station deployment methods is in-
troduced and the performance is analyzed. For the ring-shaped base station deployment
method, the effect of the ring radius R and the number of base stations N on the perfor-
mance of the entire network is discussed. For the grid points base station deployment
method, the influence of the horizontal spacing between SBSs l
1
and the vertical spacing
l
2
on the performance of the network is discussed.
Next, the performance of base station deployments based on the Poisson Point Pro-
cess (PPP) is discussed. It is assumed that the user’s distribution is a mixed two-dimensional
Gaussian distribution to reflect the user’s heterogeneity and aggregation in the network.
A tractable method is proposed to calculate the coverage area rate and spectral efficiency
under this scenario. And related parameters that affect network performance are discussed.
Finally, the user’s receive signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) performance in the net-
work is optimizated. The optimization process is divided into two steps. At the first step,
- II -
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