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2面向对象基本概念1

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1. Models help you to visualize a system, as you want it to be. A model helps th

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Module 2

Concepts of Object Orientation

IBM Software Group

Mastering Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

with UML 2.0

Module 2: Concepts of Object Orientation

Topics

Four Principles of Modeling.................................................................................. 2-4

Representing Classes in the UML ........................................................................ 2-12

Class Relationships ............................................................................................. 2-14

What is a Structured Class?................................................................................. 2-21

What Is an Interface?.......................................................................................... 2-29

What is a Port?................................................................................................... 2-33

Review............................................................................................................... 2-39

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

Mastering Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML 2.0

Objectives: Concepts of Object Orientation

 Explain the basic principles of object

orientation

 Define the basic concepts and terms of

object orientation and the associated UML

notation

2 - 2 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2004

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

Module 2 - Concepts of Object Orientation

Review: Why Model?

 Modeling achieves four aims:

 Helps you to visualize a system as you want it to be.

 Permits you to specify the structure or behavior of a

system.

 Gives you a template that guides you in constructing a

system.

 Documents the decisions you have made.

 You build models of complex systems because

you cannot comprehend such a system in its

entirety.

 You build models to better understand the system

you are developing.

According to Booch in The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, modeling achieves

four aims:

1. Models help you to visualize a system, as you want it to be. A model helps the

software team communicate the vision for the system being developed. It is

difficult for a software team to have a unified vision of a system that is described

only in specification and requirement documents. Models bring about

understanding of the system.

2. Models permit you to specify the structure of behavior of a system. A model

allows how to document system behavior and structure before coding the

system.

3. Models give a template that guide you in constructing a system. A model is an

invaluable tool during construction. It serves as a road map for a developer. Have

you experienced a situation where a developer coded incorrect behavior

because he or she was confused over the wording in a requirements document?

Modeling helps alleviate that situation.

4. Models document the decisions you’ve made. Models are valuable tools in the

long term because they give “hard” information on design decisions. You don’t

need to rely on someone’s memory.

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

Mastering Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML 2.0

Four Principles of Modeling

 The model you create influences how the

problem is attacked.

 Every model may be expressed at different

levels of precision.

 The best models are connected to reality.

 No single model is sufficient.

Modeling has a rich history in all the engineering disciplines.

The four basic principles of modeling are derived from this history.

1. The models you create profoundly influence how a problem is attacked and how

a solution is shaped.

2. Every model may be expressed at different levels of precision.

3. The best models are connected to reality.

4. No single model is sufficient. Every non-trivial system is best approached through

a small set of nearly independent models.

2 - 4 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2004

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

Module 2 - Concepts of Object Orientation

Review: Basic Principles of Object Orientation

Abstraction

Hierarchy

Object Orientation

Encapsulation

Modularity

There are four basic principles of object orientation. They are:

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Modularity

• Hierarchy

Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

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该文档描述了一些基本的java和C++中面向对象的基本概念

详细介绍了面向对象的分析与设计，全面探讨了面向对象概念、软件开发过程...首先阐述了面向对象软件项目的基本概念，然后基于广泛使用的方法，介绍了使用进行以测试为驱动的开发过程，最后研究了现实世界中的开发问题。

本书详细介绍了面向对象的分析与设计，全面探讨了面向对象概念...首先阐述了面向对象软件项目的基本概念，然后基于广泛使用的方法，介绍了使用进行以测试为驱动的开发过程，最后研究了现实世界中的开发问题。共2部分

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