微生物组学的技术和方法及其应用1
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植物生态学报 2020, 44 (4): 395–408 DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0222
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
http://www.plant-ecology.com
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收稿日期Received: 2019-08-19 接受日期Accepted: 2019-10-23
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31870480)。Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870480).
* 通信作者Corresponding author (hychu@issas.ac.cn)
微生物组学的技术和方法及其应用
高贵锋
1
褚海燕
1,2*
1
中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008;
2
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
摘 要 微生物组是指一个特定环境或生态系统中全部微生物及其遗传信息的集合, 其蕴藏着极为丰富的微生物资源。全面
系统地解析微生物组的结构和功能, 将为解决人类面临的能源、生态环境、工农业生产和人体健康等重大问题带来新思路。
然而, 微生物组学研究在很大程度上取决于其技术与方法的发展。在高通量测序技术出现以前, 微生物研究主要基于分离培
养和指纹图谱等技术, 然而, 由于这些技术存在的缺陷, 人们对于微生物的认识十分有限。自21世纪初以来, 尽管高通量测序
和质谱技术的革命性突破极大地促进了人们对于微生物的认识, 微生物组学技术在微生物组研究中的应用仍面临着诸多挑
战。此外, 目前微生物组的结构和多样性等描述性研究已臻成熟, 微生物组学研究正处于从数量到质量、从结构到功能的关
键转变时期。因此, 该文首先介绍了微生物组学的基本概念及其发展简史, 其次简述了微生物组学研究的相关技术和方法及
其发展历程, 并进一步阐述了微生物组学的技术和方法在生态学研究中的应用及存在的主要问题, 最后从技术、理论和应用
层面阐述了未来微生物组学技术和方法发展的前沿方向, 并提出了今后微生物组学研究的优先发展领域。
关键词 微生物组学; 高通量测序; 质谱技术; 微生物功能
高贵锋, 褚海燕 (2020). 微生物组学的技术和方法及其应用. 植物生态学报, 44, 395–408. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0222
Techniques and methods of microbiomics and their applications
GAO Gui-Feng
1
and CHU Hai-Yan
1,2*
1
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; and
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract
Microbiome is the combination of all microorganisms and their genetic information in a specific environment or
ecosystem, which contains abundant microbial resources. A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the struc-
ture and function of microbiome will provide new ideas in solving the core issues in the fields of energy, ecologi-
cal environment, industrial and agricultural production and human health. However, the study of microbiome
largely depends on the development of relevant technologies and methods. Before to the advent of high-throughput
sequencing technology, microbial research was mainly based on techniques such as isolation, pure-culture and
fingerprint. However, due to the technical restrictions, scientists could only get limited knowledge of microorgan-
isms. Since the beginning of 21st century, the revolutionary advances in the technology of high-throughput se-
quencing and mass spectrometry have greatly improved our understanding on the structure and ecological func-
tions of environmental microbiome. However, the application of microbiomics technology in microbial research
still faces many challenges. In addition, the descriptive studies focusing on the structure and diversity of micro-
biome have already matured, and the study of microbiomics is facing a critical transition period from quantity to
quality and from structure to function. Hence, this paper will firstly introduce the basic concepts of microbiomics
and a brief development history. Secondly, this paper introduces the related technologies and methods of micro-
biomics with their development process, and further expounds the applications and main problems of microbiom-
ics technologies and methods in ecological study. Finally, this paper expounds the frontier direction of the devel-
opment of microbiomics technology and methods from the technical, theoretical and application levels, and pro-
poses the priority development areas of microbiome research in the future.
Key words microbiomics; high-throughput sequencing; mass spectrometry; microbial functions
Gao GF, Chu HY (2020). Techniques and methods of microbiomics and their applications. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44,
395–408. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0222
©植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
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