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A Storage Algorithm of Code Parameters in Embedded System Based on Dynamic
Programming
Xu Na, Zhang Xiaotong, Zhang Yan, Yuan
Lingling, Zhang Lei
School of Information Engineering
University of Science and Technology Beijing
Beijing, China
xunause@sohu.com
Hu Guolin
Beijing Aerospace Control Center
Beijing, China
Abstract—In embedded system, how to utilize the limited
physical storage capacity for code parameters is a challenging
problem. This paper proposes a dynamic programming based
algorithm to solve this problem under DOCSIS standard. The
algorithm is able to generate the best storage structure of
parameters in terms of the width of the bus, the priority and
least storage spaces of those parameters. The algorithm has
been real-implemented in the network devices, and the
evaluations show that it can significantly improve the
utilization of the physical storage and reduce hardware cost.
Keywords-Embedded System; DOCSIS; Dynamic
Programming; Storage Algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION
HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coax) is widely used broadband
access technology. The greatest wire television network of
the world locates in China. As the development of the CATV
(community antenna television), network chip which
includes two-way transmission function and commutative
set-top box become the key technology and device [1].
The transmission on MAC layer of DOCSIS (Data-Over-
Cable Service Interface Specifications) [2] is an important
technology that must been implemented. The packets of
MAC layer include a great many parameters encoded in a
type/length/value (TLV) form. These parameters analyzed by
software are stored in physical memories, for embedded
system to use. An optimal strategy of storage is proposes to
improve the efficiency of the utilization of the storage
capacity, reduce the hardware cost, and hence increase the
speed of access. DOCSIS standard only specifies the code
format. However, it doesn’t give out how to store those
parameters in embedded system [3].
The rest of the paper is organized as follow: Section 2
introduces the topology of HFC network. Section 3
introduces the optimal strategy of storage. Section 4
introduces auto-generation storage structure algorithm.
Finally, the performance analysis and test results are
introduced.
II. T
OPOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF HFC NETWORK
HFC network is a tree branch structure. There are three
parts in that: HFC transmission media, several CM (cable
modem) and a CMTS (cable modem termination system).
The CMTS is the central management device. The most
distinct characteristic of HFC is the independence between
upstream channels and downstream ones.
A. The topology of HFC network
In Figure 1, on the downstream channel, the CMTS is the
only sender which sends down broadcast packets
sequentially [4]. Each of the CMs is allocated a special
address, and only receives the packets with its own address.
On upstream channel, the packets from those different CMs
to the CMTS are sent by the same media. Any upstream
channels are all shared by several CMs, so a management is
needed to control the transmission in order.
Figure 1. Topology of HFC network
B. The transmission of upstream
The CMTS defines the mini-slots to be able to control the
transmission on the upstream channel [5]. A transmit
opportunity is defined as any mini-slot in which a CM may
be allowed to start a transmission. Transmit opportunities
typically apply to contention opportunities and are used to
calculate the proper amount to defer in the contention
resolution process. The CMTS controls assignments on the
upstream channel through the MAP of bandwidth allocation
and determines which mini-slots are subject to collisions.
The CMTS may allow collisions on either requests or
data[6].
C. The code of the parameters
An Upstream Channel Descriptor (UCD) must be
transmitted by the CMTS at a periodic interval to define the
characteristics of an upstream channel (see Figure 2). A
separate message must be transmitted for each active
upstream. To provide for flexibility the message parameters
2008 International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology
978-0-7695-3498-5/08 $25.00 © 2008 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ISCSCT.2008.225
606
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