What's New in IDLE 2.7.9?
=========================
*Release data: 2014-12-07* (projected)
- Issue #16893: Update Idle doc chapter to match current Idle and add new
information.
- Issue #3068: Add Idle extension configuration dialog to Options menu.
Changes are written to HOME/.idlerc/config-extensions.cfg.
Original patch by Tal Einat.
- Issue #16233: A module browser (File : Class Browser, Alt+C) requires a
editor window with a filename. When Class Browser is requested otherwise,
from a shell, output window, or 'Untitled' editor, Idle no longer displays
an error box. It now pops up an Open Module box (Alt+M). If a valid name
is entered and a module is opened, a corresponding browser is also opened.
- Issue #4832: Save As to type Python files automatically adds .py to the
name you enter (even if your system does not display it). Some systems
automatically add .txt when type is Text files.
- Issue #21986: Code objects are not normally pickled by the pickle module.
To match this, they are no longer pickled when running under Idle.
- Issue #22221: IDLE now ignores the source encoding declaration on the second
line if the first line contains anything except a comment.
- Issue #17390: Adjust Editor window title; remove 'Python',
move version to end.
- Issue #14105: Idle debugger breakpoints no longer disappear
when inseting or deleting lines.
What's New in IDLE 2.7.8?
=========================
*Release date: 2014-06-29*
- Issue #21940: Add unittest for WidgetRedirector. Initial patch by Saimadhav
Heblikar.
- Issue #18592: Add unittest for SearchDialogBase. Patch by Phil Webster.
- Issue #21694: Add unittest for ParenMatch. Patch by Saimadhav Heblikar.
- Issue #21686: add unittest for HyperParser. Original patch by Saimadhav
Heblikar.
- Issue #12387: Add missing upper(lower)case versions of default Windows key
bindings for Idle so Caps Lock does not disable them. Patch by Roger Serwy.
- Issue #21695: Closing a Find-in-files output window while the search is
still in progress no longer closes Idle.
- Issue #18910: Add unittest for textView. Patch by Phil Webster.
- Issue #18292: Add unittest for AutoExpand. Patch by Saihadhav Heblikar.
- Issue #18409: Add unittest for AutoComplete. Patch by Phil Webster.
What's New in IDLE 2.7.7?
=========================
*Release date: 2014-05-31*
- Issue #18104: Add idlelib/idle_test/htest.py with a few sample tests to begin
consolidating and improving human-validated tests of Idle. Change other files
as needed to work with htest. Running the module as __main__ runs all tests.
- Issue #21139: Change default paragraph width to 72, the PEP 8 recommendation.
- Issue #21284: Paragraph reformat test passes after user changes reformat width.
- Issue #20406: Use Python application icons for Idle window title bars.
Patch mostly by Serhiy Storchaka.
- Issue #21029: Occurrences of "print" are now consistently colored as
being a keyword (the colorizer doesn't know if print functions are
enabled in the source).
- Issue #17721: Remove non-functional configuration dialog help button until we
make it actually gives some help when clicked. Patch by Guilherme Sim�es.
- Issue #17390: Add Python version to Idle editor window title bar.
Original patches by Edmond Burnett and Kent Johnson.
- Issue #20058: sys.stdin.readline() in IDLE now always returns only one line.
- Issue #19481: print() of unicode, str or bytearray subclass instance in IDLE
no more hangs.
- Issue #18270: Prevent possible IDLE AttributeError on OS X when no initial
shell window is present.
- Issue #17654: Ensure IDLE menus are customized properly on OS X for
non-framework builds and for all variants of Tk.
What's New in IDLE 2.7.6?
=========================
*Release date: 2013-11-10*
- Issue #19426: Fixed the opening of Python source file with specified encoding.
- Issue #18873: IDLE now detects Python source code encoding only in comment
lines.
- Issue #18988: The "Tab" key now works when a word is already autocompleted.
- Issue #18489: Add tests for SearchEngine. Original patch by Phil Webster.
- Issue #18429: Format / Format Paragraph, now works when comment blocks
are selected. As with text blocks, this works best when the selection
only includes complete lines.
- Issue #18226: Add docstrings and unittests for FormatParagraph.py.
Original patches by Todd Rovito and Phil Webster.
- Issue #18279: Format - Strip trailing whitespace no longer marks a file as
changed when it has not been changed. This fix followed the addition of a
test file originally written by Phil Webster (the issue's main goal).
- Issue #18539: Calltips now work for float default arguments.
- Issue #7136: In the Idle File menu, "New Window" is renamed "New File".
Patch by Tal Einat, Roget Serwy, and Todd Rovito.
- Issue #8515: Set __file__ when run file in IDLE.
Initial patch by Bruce Frederiksen.
- Issue #5492: Avoid traceback when exiting IDLE caused by a race condition.
- Issue #17511: Keep IDLE find dialog open after clicking "Find Next".
Original patch by Sarah K.
- Issue #15392: Create a unittest framework for IDLE.
Preliminary patch by Rajagopalasarma Jayakrishnan
See Lib/idlelib/idle_test/README.txt for how to run Idle tests.
- Issue #14146: Highlight source line while debugging on Windows.
- Issue #17532: Always include Options menu for IDLE on OS X.
Patch by Guilherme Sim�es.
What's New in IDLE 2.7.5?
=========================
*Release date: 2013-05-12*
- Issue #17838: Allow sys.stdin to be reassigned.
- Issue #14735: Update IDLE docs to omit "Control-z on Windows".
- Issue #17585: Fixed IDLE regression. Now closes when using exit() or quit().
- Issue #17657: Show full Tk version in IDLE's about dialog.
Patch by Todd Rovito.
- Issue #17613: Prevent traceback when removing syntax colorizer in IDLE.
- Issue #1207589: Backwards-compatibility patch for right-click menu in IDLE.
- Issue #16887: IDLE now accepts Cancel in tabify/untabify dialog box.
- Issue #14254: IDLE now handles readline correctly across shell restarts.
- Issue #17614: IDLE no longer raises exception when quickly closing a file.
- Issue #6698: IDLE now opens just an editor window when configured to do so.
- Issue #8900: Using keyboard shortcuts in IDLE to open a file no longer
raises an exception.
- Issue #6649: Fixed missing exit status in IDLE. Patch by Guilherme Polo.
- Issue #17390: Display Python version on Idle title bar.
Initial patch by Edmond Burnett.
What's New in IDLE 2.7.4?
=========================
*Release date: 2013-04-06*
- Issue #17625: In IDLE, close the replace dialog after it is used.
- IDLE was displaying spurious SystemExit tracebacks when running scripts
that terminated by raising SystemExit (i.e. unittest and turtledemo).
- Issue #9290: In IDLE the sys.std* streams now implement io.TextIOBase
interface and support all mandatory methods and properties.
- Issue #16829: IDLE printing no longer fails if there are spaces or other
special characters in the file path.
- Issue #16819: IDLE method completion now correctly works for unicode literals.
- Issue #16504: IDLE now catches SyntaxErrors raised by tokenizer. Patch by
Roger Serwy.
- Issue #1207589: Add Cut/Copy/Paste items to IDLE right click Context Menu
Patch by Todd Rovito.
- Issue #13052: Fix IDLE crashing when replace string in Search/Replace dialog
ended with '\'. Patch by Roger Serwy.
- Issue #9803: Don't close IDLE on saving if breakpoint is open.
Patch by Roger Serwy.
- Issue #14958: Change IDLE systax highlighting to recognize all string and byte
literals currently supported in Python 2.7.
- Issue #14962: Update text coloring in IDLE shell window after changing
options. Patch by Roger Serwy.
- Issue #10997: Prevent a duplicate entry in IDLE's "Recent Files" menu.
- Issue #12510: Attempting to get invalid tooltip no longer closes IDLE.
Original patch by Rog
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GNU GCC,全称为GNU Compiler Collection,是GNU项目的一部分,它是一个开源的、跨平台的编译器套件,用于将源代码编译成可执行程序。GCC 支持多种编程语言,包括C、C++、Objective-C、Fortran、Ada以及Go等。在Windows环境中,常常使用MinGW64(Minimalist GNU for Windows 64-bit)来搭建GCC的开发环境,因为MinGW64提供了Windows上运行GCC所需的基本工具和库。
**GNU GCC的核心组件和功能:**
1. **前端(Frontends)**:GCC包含多个前端,每个前端负责处理一种特定的编程语言。它们将源代码转换为中间表示(Intermediate Representation, IR),以便后续阶段处理。
2. **中间表示(GIMPLE或 GENERIC)**:GCC的优化和分析工作主要在IR层进行,GIMPLE是GCC的低级抽象语法树,GENERIC是更高级别的表示形式。
3. **优化器(Optimizers)**:GCC包含多个优化级别,如-O1、-O2、-O3和-Os,它们通过消除冗余计算、合并常量和内联函数等方式提高代码性能。
4. **后端(Backends)**:后端将优化后的IR转换为目标机器的汇编代码,最后生成可执行文件。
5. **目标代码生成(Code Generation)**:每个后端都针对特定的处理器架构,如x86、ARM等,确保生成的代码能有效利用硬件特性。
6. **链接器(Linker)**:GCC还包括一个链接器,负责将编译后的对象文件与库合并,生成最终的可执行程序。
**MinGW64在Windows上的作用:**
MinGW64是GCC在64位Windows平台上的移植版本,它提供了一个轻量级的开发环境,包含了GCC编译器、C库、Make工具和其他必要的工具链。用户可以使用MinGW64来编译原生的Windows应用程序,而无需完整的Microsoft Visual Studio或其他大型IDE。
**安装和使用MinGW64:**
1. **下载和安装**:从官方网站获取MinGW64的安装包,选择合适的架构和组件。
2. **配置环境变量**:安装完成后,需要将MinGW64的bin目录添加到系统的PATH环境变量中,以便在命令行中直接调用gcc等工具。
3. **编译和链接**:使用`gcc`或`g++`命令编译C或C++源代码,`make`工具可以用于自动化构建过程。
4. **调试**:MinGW64通常与GDB(GNU Debugger)一起使用,便于进行程序调试。
**GCC的常用命令行选项:**
- `-std`:指定要遵循的C或C++语言标准,如`-std=c11`或`-std=c++14`。
- `-Wall`:开启所有警告。
- `-pedantic`:严格遵循语言标准,不接受任何非标准扩展。
- `-O`:开启优化,数值越大优化程度越高,`-O0`表示禁用优化。
- `-Werror`:将警告视为错误,编译时遇到警告则停止。
- `-c`:仅编译不链接,生成目标文件。
- `-o`:指定输出文件名。
**使用GNU GCC进行跨平台开发:**
GCC支持多种操作系统,因此可以编写一次代码,在不同的平台上编译运行。只需确保每个平台上的GCC版本支持目标语言,并正确配置编译选项以适应不同平台的特性。
GNU GCC是一个强大的工具,不仅用于编译源代码,还涉及了代码优化和跨平台支持。通过MinGW64,开发者可以在Windows环境下方便地进行C和C++的开发,享受到GCC带来的高效和灵活性。了解并熟练使用GCC的各项功能,能够提升开发效率,优化程序性能。
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