INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11
CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N0702rev
Incorporating N702 Delta of 24 March
25 March 1994
Video
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - 26
27
28
29
GENERIC CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND
ASSOCIATED AUDIO
Recommendation H.262
ISO/IEC 13818-2 30
Draft International Standard 1
2
Draft of: 10:18 Friday 25 March 1994
Draft International Standard ISO/IEC 13818-2
CONTENTS 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................i
Foreword........................................................................................................................iii
I Introduction ...................................................................................................................iv
I.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................iv
I.2 Application .............................................................................................................iv
I.3 Profiles and levels...................................................................................................iv
I.4 The scalable and the non-scalable syntax...............................................................v
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references.....................................................................................................1
3 Definitions .....................................................................................................................3
4 Abbreviations and symbols............................................................................................9
4.1 Arithmetic operators...............................................................................................9
4.2 Logical operators ....................................................................................................9
4.3 Relational operators................................................................................................9
4.4 Bitwise operators ....................................................................................................10
4.5 Assignment.............................................................................................................10
4.6 Mnemonics .............................................................................................................10
4.7 Constants ................................................................................................................10
5 Conventions...................................................................................................................11
5.1 Method of describing bitstream syntax...................................................................11
5.2 Definition of functions ...........................................................................................12
5.3 Reserved, forbidden and marker_bit ......................................................................12
5.4 Arithmetic precision ...............................................................................................12
6 Video bitstream syntax and semantics...........................................................................13
6.1 Structure of coded video data .................................................................................13
6.2 Video bitstream syntax ...........................................................................................25
6.3 Video bitstream semantics......................................................................................39
7 The video decoding process ..........................................................................................63
7.1 Higher syntactic structures .....................................................................................63
7.2 Variable length decoding........................................................................................64
7.3 Inverse scan ............................................................................................................67
7.4 Inverse quantisation................................................................................................68
7.5 Inverse DCT ...........................................................................................................73
7.6 Motion compensation .............................................................................................73
7.7 Spatial scalability....................................................................................................90
7.8 SNR scalability .......................................................................................................103
7.9 Temporal scalability ...............................................................................................109
7.10 Data partitioning.....................................................................................................113
7.11 Hybrid scalability ...................................................................................................115
7.12 Output of the decoding process ..............................................................................116
8 Profiles and levels..........................................................................................................119
8.1 ISO/IEC 11172-2 compatibility..............................................................................120
8.2 Relationship between defined profiles ...................................................................120
8.3 Relationship between defined levels ......................................................................122
8.4 Scalable layers ........................................................................................................123
8.4.1 Permissible layer combinations ..............................................................................124
8.5 Parameter values for defined profiles, levels and layers ........................................126
Annex A Discrete cosine transform..............................................................................131
Annex B Variable length code tables ...........................................................................132
B.1 Macroblock addressing...........................................................................................132
B.2 Macroblock type.....................................................................................................133
B.3 Macroblock pattern.................................................................................................138
B.4 Motion vectors........................................................................................................139
B.5 DCT coefficients ....................................................................................................140
Annex C Video buffering verifier ................................................................................149
(10:18 Friday 25 March 1994) ITU-T Draft Rec. H.262 i
ISO/IEC 13818-2 Draft International Standard
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Annex D Features supported by the algorithm ............................................................ 154
D.1 Overview................................................................................................................ 154
D.2 Video Formats ....................................................................................................... 154
D.3 Picture Quality ....................................................................................................... 155
D.4 Data Rate Control .................................................................................................. 155
D.5 Low Delay Mode ................................................................................................... 156
D.6 Random Access/Channel Hopping ........................................................................ 156
D.7 Scalability .............................................................................................................. 156
D.8 Compatibility ......................................................................................................... 164
D.9 Differences bewteen this specification and ISO/IEC 11172-2 .............................. 164
D.10 Complexity............................................................................................................. 167
D.11 Editing Encoded Bitstreams................................................................................... 167
D.12 Trick modes ........................................................................................................... 167
D.13 Error Resilience ..................................................................................................... 169
Annex E Profile and level restrictions ......................................................................... 178
E.1 Syntax element restrictions in profiles................................................................... 178
E.2 Permissible layer combinations (see 8.4.1)........................................................... 189
Annex F Patent statements........................................................................................... 192
Annex G Bibliography................................................................................................. 194
ii ITU-T Draft Rec. H.262 (10:18 Friday 25 March 1994)
Draft International Standard ISO/IEC 13818-2
Foreword 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
The ITU-T (the ITU Telecommunication Standardisation Sector) is a permanent organ of the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to developing
telecommunication standards on a world-wide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardisation Conference, which meets every four years, establishes
the program of work arising from the review of existing questions and new questions among other
things. The approval of new or revised Recommendations by members of the ITU-T is covered by the
procedure laid down in the ITU-T Resolution No. 1 (Helsinki 1993). The proposal for
Recommendation is accepted if 70% or more of the replies from members indicate approval.
ISO (the International Organisation for Standardisation) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialised system for world-wide standardisation. National Bodies that are
members of ISO and IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organisation to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organisations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated
to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least
75% of the national bodies casting a vote.
This specification is a committee draft that is being submitted for approval to the ITU-T, ISO-
IEC/JTC1 SC29. It was prepared jointly by SC29/WG11, also known as MPEG (Moving Pictures
Expert Group), and the Experts Group for ATM Video Coding in the ITU-T SG15. MPEG was
formed in 1988 to establish standards for coding of moving pictures and associated audio for various
applications such as digital storage media, distribution and communication. The Experts Group for
ATM Video Coding was formed in 1990 to develop video coding standard(s) appropriate for B-ISDN
using ATM transport.
In this specification Annex A, Annex B and Annex C contain normative requirements and are an
integral part of this specification. Annex D, Annex E, Annex F and Annex G are informative and
contain no normative requirements.
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
ISO/IEC
This International Standard is published in four Parts.
13818-1 systems — specifies the system coding of the specification. It defines a multiplexed
structure for combining audio and video data and means of representing the
timing information needed to replay synchronised sequences in real-time.
13818-2 video — specifies the coded representation of video data and the decoding process
required to reconstruct pictures.
13818-3 audio — specifies the coded representation of audio data.
13818-4 conformance— specifies the procedures for determining the characteristics of coded
bitstreams and for testing compliance with the requirements stated in
13818-1, 13818-2 and 13818-3.
(10:18 Friday 25 March 1994) ITU-T Draft Rec. H.262 iii
