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Version 9.0, October, 1998.
Copyright 1998, OrCAD, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
OrCAD trademarks
OrCAD, OrCAD Layout, and OrCAD Simulate are registered trademarks, and EDA for the Windows NT Enterprise,
Enterprise CIS, Enterprise Component Information System, OrCAD Capture CIS, OrCAD Express, OrCAD Express CIS,
OrCAD Layout Engineer's Edition, OrCAD Optimizer, SmartRoute, OrCAD Capture, OrCAD Design Desktop, OrCAD
Express, SmartDrag, SmartPlace, SmartRoute, and SmartWire are trademarks of OrCAD, Inc.
Referenced herein are the trademarks used by OrCAD, Inc., to identify its products. OrCAD is the exclusive owners of
“MicroSim,” “PSpice,” “PLogic,” “PLSyn.”
Additional marks of OrCAD include: “StmEd,” “Stimulus Editor,” “Probe,” “Parts,” “Monte Carlo,” “Analog Behavioral
Modeling,” “Device Equations,” “Digital Simulation,” “Digital Files,” “Filter Designer,” “Schematics,”
“PLogic,” ”PCBoards,” “PSpice Optimizer,” and “PLSyn” and variations theron (collectively the “Trademarks”) are used
in connection with computer programs. OrCAD owns various trademark registrations for these marks in the United States
and other countries.
SPECCTRA is a registered trademark of Cooper & Chyan Technology, Inc.
All other trademarks
Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT and the Windows logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Exchange and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated
or its subsidiaries and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
ShapeBased is a trademark and SPECCTRA and CCT are registered trademarks of Cooper & Chyan Technologies Inc.
(CCT). Materials related to the CCT SPECCTRA Autorouter have been reprinted by permission of Cooper & Chyan
Technology, Inc.
Xilinx is a registered trademark of Xilinx Inc. All, X- and XC- prefix product designations are trademarks of Xilinx, Inc.
EENET is a trademark of Eckert Enterprises.
All other brand and product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only, and are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Copyright notice
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
OrCAD, Inc.
As described in the license agreement, you are permitted to run one copy of the OrCAD software on one computer at a time.
Unauthorized duplication of the software or documentation is prohibited by law. Corporate Program Licensing and multiple
copy discounts are available.
Contact information
Technical support (503) 671-9400 Technical support e-mail techsupport@orcad.com
Corporate offices (503) 671-9500 General e-mail info@orcad.com
Fax (503) 671-9501 World Wide Web http://www.orcad.com
Contents
How to Use This
Online Manual
How to print this online manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiv
Welcome to OrCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xv
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvi
Typographical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvi
Command syntax formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvii
Numeric value conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xviii
Numeric expression conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xix
Command line options
for OrCAD applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxii
Command files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxii
Creating and editing command files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxii
Log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxiii
Editing log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxiv
Simulation command line specification format . . . . . . . . . . .
xxv
Simulation command line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxvi
Specifying simulation command line options. . . . . . . . . .
xxvii
Commands
Command reference
for PSpice and PSpice A/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
.AC (AC analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
.ALIASES, .ENDALIASES
(aliases and endaliases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
.DC (DC analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Linear sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Logarithmic sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Nested sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
.DISTRIBUTION (user-defined distribution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Deriving updated parameter values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Usage example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
.END (end of circuit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
.EXTERNAL (external port) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
.FOUR (Fourier analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
.FUNC (function) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
.IC (initial bias point condition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
.INC (include file) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
.LIB (library file) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
.LOADBIAS (load bias point file) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
.MC (Monte Carlo analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
.MODEL (model definition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
Parameters for setting temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
Model parameters for device temperature . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
Contents
4
Special considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
.NODESET (set approximate node voltage for bias point) . . . . . . . .
55
.NOISE (noise analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
.OP (bias point) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
.OPTIONS (analysis options) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Flag options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Option with a name as its value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
Numerical options with their default values . . . . . . . . . . .
61
PSpice A/D digital simulation condition messages . . . . . . . . . .
63
.PARAM (parameter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
.PLOT (plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
.PRINT (print) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
.PROBE (Probe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
DC Sweep and transient analysis output variables . . . . . . . . . . .
70
Multiple-terminal devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
AC analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Noise analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
.SAVEBIAS (save bias point to file) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Usage examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
.SENS (sensitivity analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
.STEP (parametric analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
Usage examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
.STIMLIB (stimulus library file) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
.STIMULUS (stimulus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
.SUBCKT (subcircuit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
.ENDS (end subcircuit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Usage examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86
.TEMP (temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
.TEXT (text parameter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
.TF (transfer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
.TRAN (transient analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
.VECTOR (digital output) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
.WATCH (watch analysis results) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
.WCASE (sensitivity/worst-case analysis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
* (comment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
; (in-line comment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
+ (line continuation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
Differences between PSpice and Berkeley SPICE2 . . . . . . . . . . .
102
Analog devices
Analog devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106
Device types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
Analog device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107
GaAsFET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
Capture parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
Setting operating temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
Model parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
GaAsFET model parameters for all levels . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
GaAsFET model parameters specific to model levels . . . . . .
113
5
Contents
Auxiliary model parameters BTRK, DVT, and DVTT . . . . . .
116
GaAsFET equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
117
GaAsFET equations for DC current: all levels . . . . . . . . . .
117
GaAsFET equations for DC current: specific to model levels . .
118
GaAsFET equations for capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123
GaAsFET equations for temperature effect . . . . . . . . . . .
125
GaAsFET equations for noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127
Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
Capture parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
Breakout parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129
Capacitor model parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Capacitor equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Capacitor value formula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Capacitor equation for noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
Diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131
Capture parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
Setting operating temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
Diode model parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133
Diode equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
Diode equations for DC current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
Diode equations for capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
Diode equations for noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
Diode equations for temperature effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
Voltage-controlled voltage source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
Voltage-controlled current source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
Basic SPICE polynomial expressions (POLY) . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
Basic controlled source properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
Implementation examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
Current-controlled current source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
141
Current-controlled voltage source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
141
Basic SPICE polynomial expressions (POLY) . . . . . . . . . . . .
141
Independent current source & stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
142
Independent voltage source & stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
142
Independent current source & stimulus (EXP) . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
Independent current source and stimulus
exponential waveform formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144
Independent current source & stimulus (PULSE) . . . . . . . . . .
145
Independent current source and stimulus
pulse waveform formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
Independent current source & stimulus (PWL) . . . . . . . . . . .
147
Independent current source & stimulus (SFFM) . . . . . . . . . .
150
Independent current source & stimulus (SIN) . . . . . . . . . . . .
151
Independent current source and stimulus
sinusoidal waveform formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
152
Junction FET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153
Capture parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154
Setting operating temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154
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