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Oracle 系列参考教程 Pro*C 程序开发

Create/Modify Email：xingchengli@gmail.com Date：2006/10/23

Oracle Pro*C 程序开发

Oracle 系列参考教程 Pro*C 程序开发

Create/Modify Email：xingchengli@gmail.com Date：2006/10/23

1 前言 .................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 读者范围 .................................................................................................................................1

1.2 内容组织 .................................................................................................................................1

1.3 约定 .........................................................................................................................................1

2 新特性介绍......................................................................................................................................2

2.1 ORACIE9I RELEASE 2 (9.2) 新特性..........................................................................................2

2.2 ORACLE9I RELEASE 1 (9.0.1) 新特性......................................................................................2

2.3 ORACLE 8I RELEASEE 8.1.5 新特性.........................................................................................3

2.4 ORACLE 8I RELEASE 8.1.4 新特性 ...........................................................................................3

2.5 ORACLE 8I RELEASE 8.1.3 新特性 ...........................................................................................3

3 概述 .................................................................................................................................................3

3.1 什么是ORACLE预编译程序？ ................................................................................................3

3.2 为什么使用ORACLE预编译程序？ ........................................................................................4

3.3 为什么使用SQL？..................................................................................................................4

3.4 为什么使用PL/SQL？ ............................................................................................................5

3.5 PRO*C预编译的优点..............................................................................................................5

3.6 常见的问题 .............................................................................................................................6

3.6.1

我怎么编译链接应用程序？

.........................................................................................6

3.6.2

什么是

varchar?...............................................................................................................8

3.6.3

在什么情况下不

使用

Pro*C/C++

和

SQLLIB

库函数？

...............................................8

3.6.4

能在

Pro*C/C++

程序中调用存储过程吗？

..................................................................8

3.6.5

我能在

SQL

语句的任意位置使用绑定变量（也可理解为用户自定义变量或输入

宿主变量）吗？

..............................................................................................................................8

3.6.6

对

Pro*C/C++

字符类型变量的困惑？

..........................................................................9

3.6.7

关于字符串指针变量的应用有特殊需要注意的么？

.................................................9

3.6.8

为什么

SPOOL

不能用在

Pro*C

程序中

? ........................................................................9

3.6.9 Pro*C/C++

支持结构作为宿主变量么？

..........................................................................9

3.6.10

可以在递归函数中嵌入

SQL

么

?..................................................................................10

3.6.11

我可以在任意版本的

Oracle

中使用任意版本的预编译器么？

.................................10

3.6.12 1405

错误（

Fetch column values is null

）可避免么？

...............................................10

4 预编译介绍....................................................................................................................................10

4.1 嵌入式SQL编程概念介绍....................................................................................................10

4.1.1

可嵌入

Pro*C/C++

的

SQL

语句

....................................................................................10

4.1.2

嵌入

SQL

语句的语法格式

............................................................................................11

4.1.3

静态和动态

SQL

语句

....................................................................................................12

4.1.4

嵌入的

PL/SQL

语句块

..................................................................................................12

4.1.5

宿主变量和指示变量

...................................................................................................12

4.1.6 Oracle

数据类型

................................................................................................................13

4.1.7

数组

...............................................................................................................................13

4.1.8

数据类型转换

...............................................................................................................13

4.1.9

私有

SQL

工作区、游标和记录集

................................................................................13

Oracle 系列参考教程 Pro*C 程序开发

Create/Modify Email：xingchengli@gmail.com Date：2006/10/23

4.1.10

事务

...............................................................................................................................13

4.1.11

错误和警告

...................................................................................................................14

4.2 开发嵌入式PRO*C/C++程序过程........................................................................................14

4.3 程序编写规范 .......................................................................................................................15

4.3.1

注释

...............................................................................................................................15

4.3.2

常数表示方法

...............................................................................................................15

4.3.3

变量声明段

...................................................................................................................16

4.3.4

定界符

...........................................................................................................................17

4.3.5

文件长度限制

...............................................................................................................17

4.3.6

预编译参数对函数声明的影响

...................................................................................17

4.3.7

宿主变量命名规则

.......................................................................................................18

4.3.8

超长源代码换行

...........................................................................................................18

4.3.9

源代码单行最大长度

...................................................................................................18

4.3.10 MAXLITERAL ...............................................................................................................18

4.3.11

操作符

...........................................................................................................................19

4.3.12

语句结束符号

...............................................................................................................19

4.4 根据条件进行预编译 ...........................................................................................................19

4.5 样例表 ...................................................................................................................................20

4.5.1

样例数据

.......................................................................................................................21

4.6 样例程序 ...............................................................................................................................21

4.6.1

编译运行方法

...............................................................................................................24

5 数据库操作描述............................................................................................................................24

5.1 连接到数据库 .......................................................................................................................25

5.1.1

使用

ALTER AUTHORIZATION

选项改变用户密码

....................................................25

5.1.2

自动连接

.......................................................................................................................25

5.1.3

连接权限

.......................................................................................................................26

5.1.4

通常连接失败的原因

...................................................................................................26

5.2 高级连接选项 .......................................................................................................................26

5.2.1

预备知识

.......................................................................................................................26

5.2.2

并发连接

.......................................................................................................................27

5.2.3

默认的数据库和连接

...................................................................................................27

5.2.4

并行直接连接

...............................................................................................................27

5.2.5

间接连接

.......................................................................................................................28

5.3 事务应用场合 .......................................................................................................................29

5.4 开始和结束事务 ...................................................................................................................29

5.5 使用COMMIT语句...............................................................................................................29

5.6 使用SAVEPOINT语句..........................................................................................................30

5.7 ROLLBACK语句..................................................................................................................31

5.8 SET TRANSACTION语句 ...................................................................................................31

5.9 重置默认锁状态 ...................................................................................................................32

5.9.1

使用

FOR UPDATE OF.................................................................................................32

5.9.2

使用

LOCK TABLE ........................................................................................................32

5.10 FETCH中应用COMMIT语句 ..............................................................................................33

5.11 分布式事务处理 ...................................................................................................................33

Oracle 系列参考教程 Pro*C 程序开发

Create/Modify Email：xingchengli@gmail.com Date：2006/10/23

5.12 有用的技巧和方针 ...............................................................................................................34

6 数据类型和宿主变量....................................................................................................................34

6.1 ORACLE数据类型..................................................................................................................34

6.1.1

内部数据类型列表

.......................................................................................................34

6.1.2

外部数据类型列表

.......................................................................................................35

6.2 宿主变量 ...............................................................................................................................36

6.2.1

声明宿主变量

...............................................................................................................36

6.2.2

使用宿主变量

...............................................................................................................37

6.3 指示变量 ...............................................................................................................................38

6.3.1 INDICATOR

关键字

..........................................................................................................38

6.3.2

指示变量用法实例

.......................................................................................................38

6.3.3

指示变量应用规范

.......................................................................................................39

6.3.4

限制

...............................................................................................................................39

6.4 VARCHAR变量 ....................................................................................................................39

6.4.1

定义

VARCHAR

变量

......................................................................................................39

6.4.2

使用

VARCHAR

变量

......................................................................................................40

6.4.3

空值处理

.......................................................................................................................41

6.4.4 VARCHAR

变量作为函数参数用法

..................................................................................41

6.4.5

例程

...............................................................................................................................41

6.5 CURSOR变量 .......................................................................................................................44

6.5.1

定义

cursor

变量

.............................................................................................................44

6.5.2

分配

cursor

变量

.............................................................................................................44

6.5.3

打开

cursor

变量

.............................................................................................................45

6.5.4

关闭和释放

cursor

变量

.................................................................................................46

6.5.5

使用限制

.......................................................................................................................46

6.5.6

例程

...............................................................................................................................47

6.6 CONTEXT变量.....................................................................................................................49

6.7 通用ROWID..........................................................................................................................50

6.8 结构型宿主变量 ...................................................................................................................51

6.8.1

结构和数组

...................................................................................................................51

6.8.2 PL/SQL

的

RECORD...........................................................................................................52

6.8.3

结构嵌套和联合

...........................................................................................................52

6.8.4

结构型指示变量

...........................................................................................................52

6.8.5

例程

...............................................................................................................................52

6.9 指针变量 ...............................................................................................................................54

6.9.1

声明指针变量

...............................................................................................................54

6.9.2

使用指针变量

...............................................................................................................55

7 静态SQL........................................................................................................................................55

7.1 基本SQL语句........................................................................................................................55

7.1.1 SELECT

语句

.....................................................................................................................56

7.1.2 INSERT

语句

......................................................................................................................60

7.1.3 UPDATE

语句

....................................................................................................................62

7.1.4 DELETE

语句

....................................................................................................................64

Oracle 系列参考教程 Pro*C 程序开发

Create/Modify Email：xingchengli@gmail.com Date：2006/10/23

7.1.5 WHERE

子句

......................................................................................................................65

7.2 DML返回子句 ......................................................................................................................65

7.3 普通顺序游标操作 ...............................................................................................................66

7.3.1 DECLARE

语句

..................................................................................................................66

7.3.2 OPEN

语句

.........................................................................................................................67

7.3.3 FETCH

语句

......................................................................................................................67

7.3.4 CLOSE

语句

.......................................................................................................................68

7.4 滚动游标 ...............................................................................................................................68

7.4.1

使用滚动游标

...............................................................................................................68

7.4.2

使用

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT

预编译选项

......................................................................69

7.5 优化提示 ...............................................................................................................................69

7.6 CURRENT OF子句...............................................................................................................69

7.7 游标控制 ...............................................................................................................................70

7.8 一个普通游标范例 ...............................................................................................................70

7.9 一个滚动游标应用范例 .......................................................................................................72

8 ORACLE动态SQL.......................................................................................................................74

8.1 动态SQL含义........................................................................................................................74

8.2 动态SQL的优缺点................................................................................................................74

8.3 动态SQL适用环境................................................................................................................74

8.4 动态SQL执行必须条件........................................................................................................75

8.5 动态语句执行过程 ...............................................................................................................75

8.6 使用动态SQL的情况和方法................................................................................................75

8.6.1 METHOD 1 .......................................................................................................................76

8.6.2 METHOD 2 .......................................................................................................................78

8.6.3 METHOD 3 .......................................................................................................................80

8.6.4 METHOD 4 .......................................................................................................................83

8.6.4.1 需要SQLDA............................................................................................................................83

8.6.4.2 DESCRIBE语句......................................................................................................................83

8.6.4.3 什么是SQLDA？....................................................................................................................84

8.6.4.4 处理过程描述 .........................................................................................................................84

8.6.4.5 使用SQLDA变量....................................................................................................................85

8.6.4.6 一些预备知识 .........................................................................................................................87

8.6.4.7 基本步骤 .................................................................................................................................89

8.6.4.7.1 定义一个宿主变量select_stmt..........................................................................................91

8.6.4.7.2 定义SQLDA变量描述字 ..................................................................................................91

8.6.4.7.3 为描述字分配空间............................................................................................................91

8.6.4.7.4 设置描述字中数组的最大成员个数................................................................................92

8.6.4.7.5 给select_stmt宿主变量赋值..............................................................................................93

8.6.4.7.6 PREPARE语句 ...................................................................................................................93

8.6.4.7.7 DECLARE游标 ..................................................................................................................94

8.6.4.7.8 DESCRIBE绑定变量 .........................................................................................................94

8.6.4.7.9 重置占位符数目................................................................................................................95

8.6.4.7.10 得到宿主变量值并分配存储空间..................................................................................95

8.6.4.7.11 打开游标..........................................................................................................................96

剩余149页未读，继续阅读

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