224 USING ARCMAP
Working with labels
What is labeling?
Generally, labeling is the process of placing descriptive text onto
or next to features on your map. In ArcGIS, labeling refers
specifically to the process of automatically generating and
placing descriptive text for map features. A label is a piece of text
on the map that is derived from one or more feature attributes.
Labels are not selectable, and you cannot edit the display
properties of individual labels.
Labeling is useful to add descriptive text to your map for many
features. Labeling can be a fast way to add text to your map, and
it avoids you having to manually add text for each feature. In
addition, ArcMap labeling dynamically generates and places text
for you. This can be useful if your data is expected to change or
you are creating maps at different scales.
Annotation is an alternative to labeling. If you only want to add
descriptive text for a few features, if you want to reuse your text
and make it appear in the same place all the time, or if you do not
have attributed features, it will be better to add your text as
annotation. Labeling your features is a good way to create
annotation. To learn more about adding text as annotation, see
‘Adding text’ earlier in this chapter or Editing in ArcMap.
Displaying dynamic labels
To display labels for a layer, you simply specify the attribute or
attributes of the feature you want to base your labels on—for
example, a street name or soil type—then turn on labeling.
ArcMap automatically places labels on or near the features they
describe. You can also control the font, size, and color of the text
to help differentiate labels for different types of features. A map of
Europe, for example, could have both country and major city
labels, each displayed with a different text symbol.
When you turn on dynamic labeling, ArcMap places as many
labels on the map as possible without any overlap. In areas where
features are tightly clustered together, some features may not be
labeled. As you zoom in on your map, more labels will
dynamically appear.
Controlling which features are labeled
Dynamic labeling is a fast and easy way to add text to your map,
and this holds true even for complicated maps. Simply turn on
labeling for your layer or layers, and as you pan and zoom around
your map, ArcMap dynamically adjusts the labels to fit the
available space. To gain more precise control over which features
are labeled and where labels are placed, you need to work with
more advanced labeling properties. Specifically, you can adjust
which features are labeled and where labels are placed with
respect to features.
There are three ways to control which features are labeled:
• Set the label priority, which controls the order that labels get
placed on the map.
• Set label weights and feature weights to establish a ranking
system for labels when there is a conflict—that is, overlap—
on the map with other labels or features.
• Use label classes to be able to specify different labeling
properties, including priority, weights, and placement
properties, for features in the same layer.
Label priority, label weights, and feature weights work together to
control which features are labeled. These settings also affect
where labels are placed.
Consider a map of Europe on which you are labeling both country
names and cities. Depending on the scale of your map, there may
not be room for all features to be labeled. You decide that the
country labels are more important than the city labels. To make
your map labels reflect this, you first change the label priority to
make sure that country labels are placed before city labels.
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