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基于labview和gpib的仪器仪表自动校准系统设计.pdf
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中北大学学位论文
基于 LabVIEW 和 GPIB 的仪器仪表自动校准系统设计
摘要
随着仪器仪表的功能越来越强大,周期性的对仪器仪表进行校准成为检验仪器性能
稳定性的必要手段。采用手动方式对仪器仪表进行校准测试,不仅效率低,同时极易因
为操作错误而降低校准结果的准确性。计算机技术的发展使检测技术发生了根本改变,
在计算机的控制下,测试可以在特定程序下运行并自动计算出测试结果,构成自动测试
系统。
本系统基于各类仪器仪表的校准要求,以 LabVIEW 软件平台为开发工具,以工控
机为控制核心,利用 GPIB 线缆实现工控机和标准设备之间的连接,设计并开发了一套
功能全面的仪器仪表自动校准系统。文中主要对仪器的校准理论和方法进行了详细讲述,
对设计中用到的多线程技术、SCPI 语言、动态链接库进行了介绍,完成了示波器、频
谱分析仪的自动校准和测试数据的有效管理,极大地提高了仪器仪表的校准效率,并为
用户提供了人性化的操作界面。
论文首先阐述了仪器校准技术的发展,讨论了虚拟仪器技术的基本概念及特点,提
出了仪器仪表自动校准系统的设计要求,并对系统的总体设计方案和硬件构成进行了介
绍。接下来,从系统初始化、新建测试任务、历史任务查询、证书打印等方面对系统的
主要功能模块进行了详细介绍,并对示波器和频谱分析仪的具体校准过程进行详细讲述。
最终,通过对相关的功能模块和校准模块进行测试,验证了系统的可靠性和高效性。
关键字:LabVIEW,仪器校准,GPIB 总线,自动测试
中北大学学位论文
Design of Instrument Automatic Calibration System Based on
LabVIEW and GPIB
Abstract
With the functions of the instruments are more and more powerful, test periodically for
instruments are the necessary as methods of inspecting instrument performance. Manual
calibration is inefficiency and easy to reduce the accuracy of the calibration results resulted
from faulty operation. The development of computer technology has brought about an
important change to detection technology; the test can run under a specific program and
automatically calculate the test results.
Based on the calibration requirements of all kinds of instruments, a set of instrument
automatic calibration system is designed and developed by LabVIEW, at the core computer
control, using GPIB cables to achieve the connection between the instrument and the
computer. This paper details the instrument calibration theory and method, multi-thread
technology, SCPI command and dynamic link libraries used in the design are also introduced,
completes the automatic test of oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzer, and the test data is
managed effectively, greatly improves the test efficiency of the instrument and provides users
with personalized interface.
First of all, the development of instrument calibration technology and the basic concept
and characteristics of virtual instruments is stated, the design requirement of the instrument
automatic calibration system is put forward, the whole design scheme and hardware
composition is presented. Second, system initialization, new test assignment, historical task
query, certificate printing and the calibration process of oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer
are introduced in detail. Finally, the strict test is performed on related calibration module and
function module. The reliability and efficiency of the system is verified at last.
Key words: LabVIEW, instrument calibration, GPIB, automatic test
中北大学学位论文
I
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 课题研究背景及意义 ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 仪器校准技术的发展趋势及概况 ........................................................................... 1
1.3 虚拟仪器软件平台及其特点 ................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 虚拟仪器的发展及现状 ................................................................................ 3
1.3.2 虚拟仪器软件平台及其特点 ........................................................................ 4
1.4 主要研究内容及章节安排 ....................................................................................... 4
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 需求分析 ................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 系统总体设计 ........................................................................................................... 7
2.3 系统软件平台设计 ................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 LabVIEW 简介 ............................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 多线程技术 .................................................................................................. 10
2.3.3 仪器驱动 ...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.4 SCPI 语言简介 ............................................................................................ 12
2.3.5 GPIB 总线及 IEEE488 标准 ...................................................................... 14
2.4 系统硬件总体方案设计 ......................................................................................... 15
2.4.1 测试计算机设计 .......................................................................................... 16
2.4.2 测试系统接口设计 ...................................................................................... 17
2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 18
3 系统功能模块设计与实现
3.1 系统初始化 ............................................................................................................. 19
3.2 用户登录 ................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 新建测试任务 ......................................................................................................... 20
3.3.1 仪器地址匹配 .............................................................................................. 21
中北大学学位论文
II
3.3.2 校准参数配置...............................................................................................21
3.4 历史任务查询..........................................................................................................23
3.5 模板管理..................................................................................................................24
3.6 数据库模块设计......................................................................................................26
3.7 证书打印..................................................................................................................29
3.8 帮助模块设计..........................................................................................................30
3.9 安全防护和错误处理机制 .....................................................................................30
3.10 用户操作界面设计 .................................................................................................31
3.11 本章小结..................................................................................................................31
4 仪器校准模块软件设计
4.1 示波器校准模块设计 .............................................................................................32
4.1.1 示波器校准理论方法研究 ..........................................................................33
4.1.2 校准信号.......................................................................................................33
4.1.3 直流电压.......................................................................................................34
4.1.4 频带宽度.......................................................................................................36
4.1.5 脉冲瞬态响应...............................................................................................37
4.2 频谱分析仪校准模块设计 .....................................................................................38
4.2.1 频谱分析仪校准理论方法研究 ..................................................................39
4.2.2 校准信号.......................................................................................................39
4.2.3 频率读数准确度...........................................................................................40
4.2.4 扫频宽度.......................................................................................................41
4.2.5 3dB 分辨力带宽...........................................................................................42
4.2.6 分辨力带宽转换对幅度测量的影响 ..........................................................42
4.2.7 输入频响.......................................................................................................43
4.3 本章小结..................................................................................................................44
5 系统测试及验证
5.1 系统操作流程..........................................................................................................45
中北大学学位论文
III
5.2 系统整体测试 ......................................................................................................... 46
5.3 直流电压校准及测量不确定度分析 ..................................................................... 48
5.4 频率读数准确度校准及测量不确定度分析 ......................................................... 51
5.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 53
6 总结与展望
参考文献
攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及参与的科研工作
致 谢
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