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基于CAPP的XZ2550箱体零件及专用夹具设计.doc
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基于CAPP的XZ2550箱体零件及专用夹具设计.doc
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摘要
这次我毕业设计的课题就是基于 CAPP 的箱体加工工艺及专用夹具设计。先针对箱体
零件的特点设计工艺规程,再设计专用夹具,最后对箱体零件进行分类编码。
CAPP 是通过向计算机输入被加工零件的原始数据,加工条件和加工要求,由计算机
自动地进行编码,编程直至最后输出经过优化的工艺规程卡片的过程。计算机辅助工艺规
划常是联结计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)的桥梁。
关键词:CAPP;工艺设计;专用夹具
Abstract
This my Graduation Design is based on the CAPP XZ25.50 box of technological procedure
and Special fixture design. First direcated against the peculiarity of the parts case design
technological procedure,and design the special fixture, finally classification coding parts box.
CAPP, through the importation of computer parts were processing the raw data, processing
conditions and processing requirements, carried out automatically by computer coding,
programming optimized output until the end of the process of order card process.
Computer-aided process planning is often linked computer-aided design (CAD) and
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) as a bridge.
The manufacturing industry becoming an information based society environment, the
process planning produces is the first step in the technology preparatory work, the process
planning is carries on the work clothes design to make and to decide the components processing
method with processes the route the main basis, it produces, guarantee product quality, the
enhancement labor productivity to the organization, reduces the cost, reduces the production
cycle and the improvement work condition and so on all has the direct influence, is in the
production key work. The craft knowledge is makes in the enterprise one of important
knowledge resources, is causes the product design to become the end product in the entire
manufacture process foundation resources, it to guaranteed the product quality as well as
enhances the enterprise economical technology benefit to have the extremely vital role.
The fast design and the manufacture, oneself after becomes the product fast transformation
and the manufacture system completes the bottleneck newly which or the heavy construction
moves, seriously affects manufacture system the design construction cycle, the system
productivity, the quality and the cost. Unit clamp use, on the one hand reduced the working
procedure time, reduced the processing cost; On the other hand, the jig itself design manufacture
man-hour, the material consumption and so on increased the work piece cost. Therefore, which
kind of type uses under what kind of working condition the jig is the economy reasonable, also is
the jig efficiency, continuously all is the jig structure development and a design main question.
Keywords CAPP Process Design Special Fixtur
目 录
1 绪论 ..............................................................................................................................................1
2 零件加工工艺规程 .....................................................................................................................3
2.1 概述.......................................................................................................................................3
2.2 零件的作用...........................................................................................................................3
2.3 零件的工艺分析..................................................................................................................3
2.4 确定工艺方案的原则及注意问题.......................................................................................3
2.4.1 粗、精加工分开原则 ...................................................................................................3
2.4.2 工序集中与分散的原则 ...............................................................................................4
2.4.3 制定工艺方案应注意的其它问题 ...............................................................................5
2.5 工艺规程的设计...................................................................................................................5
2.5.1 确定毛坯材料及尺寸 ...................................................................................................5
2.5.2 定位基准的选择 ...........................................................................................................5
2.5.3 制定工艺路线 ...............................................................................................................6
2.6 工序尺寸的基本要求...........................................................................................................7
2.7 确定切削用量和基本工时..................................................................................................8
2.8 切削用量的选择依据........................................................................................................22
2.8.1 铣削 .............................................................................................................................22
2.8.2 钻孔 .............................................................................................................................22
2.8.3 扩孔和铰孔 .................................................................................................................23
2.8.机床精度及机床参数 ....................................................................................................23
2.9 各种加工工艺和加工方法................................................................................................24
2.9.1 平面加工工艺 .............................................................................................................24
2.9.3 螺纹加工工艺 .............................................................................................................24
2.10 常用工艺主要工序能达到的精度和表面粗糙度...........................................................24
2.10.1 平面加工 ...................................................................................................................24
2.10.2 螺纹孔加工 ...............................................................................................................25
3 专用夹具的设计 .......................................................................................................................26
3.1 对铣床夹具体的要求........................................................................................................26
3.2 夹具体的毛坯结构............................................................................................................26
3.3 夹具元件的选择与设计 ....................................................................................................26
3.4 专用夹具的设计步骤........................................................................................................27
3.5 绘制夹具总装配图............................................................................................................27
3.6 标注夹具总装配图上个部分尺寸和技术要求。............................................................28
3.7 夹具公差配合的制订........................................................................................................28
3.7.1 制订夹具公差与技术条件的依据 ............................................................................28
3.7.2 制定夹具公差和技术条件的基本原则 ....................................................................28
3.8 夹具公差的制订.................................................................................................................29
3.9 夹具技术条件的制订........................................................................................................29
3.10 夹具设计部分的计算.......................................................................................................29
3.10.1 基准的选择 ...............................................................................................................29
3.10.2 切削夹紧力的计算 ...................................................................................................29
3.10.3 定位误差的分析 .......................................................................................................30
4 零件编码系统 ...........................................................................................................................33
4.1 零件编码系统的概念.........................................................................................................33
4.2 零件分类编码系统的要求.................................................................................................34
4.3 零件分类编码系统的设计和选择.....................................................................................34
4.4 零件的分类成组技术.........................................................................................................34
4.4.1 编码分类法 .................................................................................................................34
4.4.2 生产流程分析法 .........................................................................................................35
总结 ...............................................................................................................................................38
致谢 ...............................................................................................................................................39
参考文献 .......................................................................................................................................40
附录 ...............................................................................................................................................41
1 绪论
CAPP(Computer Aided Process Planning,中文意思是计算机辅助工艺规划)是通过向
计算机输入被加工零件的原始数据,加工条件和加工要求,由计算机自动地进行编码,编
程直至最后输出经过优化的工艺规程卡片的过程。这项工作需要有丰富生产经验的工程师
进行复杂的规划,并借助计算机图形学、工程数据库以及专家系统等计算机科学技术来实
现的。计算机辅助工艺规划常是联结计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)的桥梁。
在集成化的 CAD/CAPP/CAM 系统中,由于设计时在公共数据库中所建立的产品模型不
仅仅包含了几何数据,也记录了有关工艺需要的数据,以供计算机辅助工艺规划利用。计
算机辅助工艺规划的设计结果也存回公共数据库中供 CAM 的数控编程。集成化的作用不仅
仅在于节省了人工传递信息和数据,更有利于产品生产的整体考虑。从公共数据库中,设
计工程师可以获得并考察他所设计产品的加工信息,制造工程师可以从中清楚地知道产品
的设计需求。全面地考察这些信息,可以使产品生产获得更大的效益。
计算机辅助工艺规划(CAPP-computer aided process planning)利用计算机来进行零
件加工工艺过程的制订,把毛坯加工成工程图纸上所要求的零件,瞎一过程称为计算机辅
助工艺规划。它是通过向计算机输入被加工零件的几何信息(形状、尺寸等)和工艺信息
(材料、热处理、批量等),由计算机自动输出零件的工艺路线和工序内容等工艺文件的
过程。
计算机辅助工艺规划通常多被译为计算机辅助工艺过程设计。国际生产工程研究会
(CIRP)提出了计算机辅助规划(CAP-computer aided planning)、计算机自动工艺过程设
计 (CAPP-computer automated process planning)等名称,CAPP 一 词强调了工艺过程自
动设计。实际上国外常风的一些 ,如制造规划(manufacturing planning)、材料处理
(material processing)、工艺工程(process engineering)以及加工路线安排(machine
routing)等在很大程度上都是指工艺过程设计。计算机辅助工艺规划属于工程分析与设计
范畴,是重要的生产准备工作之一。
由于计算机集成制造系统(CIMS-computer integrated manufacturing system)的出现,
计算机辅助工艺规划上与计算机辅助设计 (CAD-computer aided design)相接,上与计算
机辅助制造(CAM-computer aided manufacturing)相连,是连接设计与制造之间的桥梁,
设计信息只能通过工艺设计才能生成制造信息,设计只能通过工艺设计才能与制造实现功
能和信息的集成。
计算机辅助工艺规划的内容主要有:
①产品零件信息输入;②毛坯选择及毛坯图生成;③定位夹紧方案选择;④加工方法
选择;⑤加工顺序安排;⑥加工设备和工艺装备确定;⑦工艺参数计算;⑧工艺信息(文
件)输出。
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