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基于 FPGA 的多路信号 采集器设计.doc
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基于 FPGA 的多路信号 采集器设计.doc
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采集器设计
I
基于 FPGA 的多路信号采器设计
摘 要
信号采集器是信号和和控制器之间枢纽,采集信号质量的高低,速度的快慢将严重
影响到控制质量。然而,自然中的信号各种各样,环境复杂,并且控制器对信号的要求
亦各不相同,这些都使得信号采集一直以来都是技术难点。
本文试图设计一种多路的基于 FPGA 的信号采集器。与传统的数据采集器以单片机
或 DSP 作为控制器相比,FPGA 具有集成度高、逻辑实现能力强、速度快、设计灵活性
好等众多优点,尤其在并行信号处理能力方面比 DSP 更具优势。在信号处理领域,经
常需要对多路信号进行采集和实时处理,这亦是本文的目标。
本文首先介绍了信号采集技术的最新动态,然后比较传统的器件提出系统的总体方
案设计。在硬件方面,介绍了传感器、测量通道、FPGA 芯片的结构原理和性能。数据
处理的软件设计以 QuartusⅡ为软件平台,采用 VHDL 作为编程语言和自顶向下的设计
思想。本设计大部功能通过软件仿真得到了方案要求的结果,其中数字通道在实际电路
中得到了验证。
关键词:多路信号采集;FPGA;A/D 转换;VHDL
II
The Design of Muti-channel Signal Collector based on FPGA
Abstract
Signal acquisition is the hub between the signal and the controller, The quality of the
signal collected and the speed will seriously affect the quality control.But, there are various
signal in nature, complex environment, and demanding control of the signal varies, All makes
signal acquisition has been the technical difficulties.
This paper attempts to design a multi 、 FPGA-based signal acquisition device. With
traditional data acquisition system to a microcontroller or DSP as a controller, FPGA has high
integration, the strong ability to achieve logic,fast and good design flexibility and so on.
Especially in the parallel signal processing advantages than the DSP. In signal processing,
often require multiple signal acquisition and real-time processing, this is also the goal of this
article
First, this paper introduces the latest data acquisition technology, then make the device
more traditional design of the overall system. In terms of hardware, introduced the principle
and performance of the structure of sensor, measuring channel, FPGA chip. Data processing
design for the software platform QuartusⅡ,Use of VHDL as a programming language and
top-down design.Most functions in the software simulation program requirements on the
results obtained, digital channels in the actual circuit which has been verified.
Key words: multi-channel signal acquisition;FPGA;A/D converter;VHDL
III
目 录
摘 要 ...........................................................................................................................................I
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II
目 录.........................................................................................................................................III
第 1 章 引言...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 系统设计背景.............................................................................................................1
1.1.1 研究目的和意义.............................................................................................1
1.1.2 国内外研究现状.............................................................................................2
1.2 系统工作原理.............................................................................................................3
1.3 课题任务.....................................................................................................................3
1.4 论文安排.....................................................................................................................4
第 2 章 多路信号采集器的总体设计.......................................................................................5
2.1 系统总体方案.............................................................................................................5
2.1.1 系统分析.........................................................................................................5
2.1.2 理论知识.........................................................................................................6
2.2 系统结构框图.............................................................................................................7
第 3 章 硬件设计.......................................................................................................................9
3.1 控制器.........................................................................................................................9
3.1.1 FPGA 结构原理................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Altera 公司的 FLEX10K...............................................................................10
3.2 传感器.......................................................................................................................11
3.2.1 传感器的分类...............................................................................................11
3.2.2 传感器的选用原则.......................................................................................12
3.2.3 传感器选型...................................................................................................14
3.3 测量通道...................................................................................................................18
3.3.1 测量通道的选择...........................................................................................18
3.3.2 调理电路.......................................................................................................19
3.3.3 多路模拟开关................................................................................................20
3.3.4 采样保持器...................................................................................................21
IV
3.3.5 A/D 转换模块................................................................................................22
3.4 显示模块...................................................................................................................23
3.4.1 LCD1602 简介................................................................................................24
3.4.2 LCD1602 主要技术参数和引脚....................................................................24
3.5 UART 通信模块..........................................................................................................25
3.6 时钟电路...................................................................................................................27
第 4 章 软件设计.....................................................................................................................28
4.1 编程语言 VHDL..........................................................................................................28
4.1.1 VHDL 简介......................................................................................................28
4.1.2 开发软件 QuartusⅡ....................................................................................29
4.2 程序设计...................................................................................................................30
4.2.1 系统总程序...................................................................................................30
4.2.2 CD4051 地址译码程序..................................................................................31
4.2.2 TLC5510 转换程序........................................................................................31
4.2.3 LCD1602 显示程序........................................................................................32
4.2.4 读 DS18B20 温度传感器...............................................................................34
4.2.5 与 PC 机通信程序.........................................................................................35
第 5 章 调试及总结.................................................................................................................38
5.1 系统调试...................................................................................................................38
5.2 总结...........................................................................................................................39
参考文献...................................................................................................................................41
附录 A 系统电路原理图........................................................................................................43
附录 B 模拟开关控制程序....................................................................................................44
附录 C 26 分频程序................................................................................................................46
附录 D UART 通信程序.........................................................................................................47
致 谢.........................................................................................................................................48
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