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世界经济论坛:东盟数字世代报告.pdf
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世界经济论坛:东盟数字世代报告.pdf
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ASEAN Digital
Generation Report:
Digital Financial Inclusion
INSIGHT REPORT
DECEMBER 2022
In collaboration
with Sea
Contents
Images: Getty Images, Unsplash
Foreword
Executive summary
Introduction
1 Adoption, expectations and potentials for digital financial inclusion
2 Gaps and obstacles
3 Required actions to close gaps and address obstacles
Conclusion
Contributors
Endnotes
3
4
5
6
11
18
21
22
23
© 2022 World Economic Forum. All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system.
Disclaimer
This document is published by the
World Economic Forum as a contribution
to a project, insight area or interaction.
The findings, interpretations and
conclusions expressed herein are a result
of a collaborative process facilitated and
endorsed by the World Economic Forum
but whose results do not necessarily
represent the views of the World Economic
Forum, nor the entirety of its Members,
Partners or other stakeholders.
ASEAN Digital Generation Report: Digital Financial Inclusion 2
Foreword
This year’s edition of the report is the sixth in a
series of annual reports that the World Economic
Forum and Sea have jointly produced since 2017.
We continue to monitor the aspirations and
concerns of ASEAN’s digital generation with
the hope of generating insightful data to inform
policy choices for the region in its pathway to a
sustainable and inclusive digital economy.
Respondents confirmed the powerful role of
digitalization in broadening access to financial
services, particularly for underserved groups such
as rural dwellers, micro-businesses and women.
They further pointed out specific pain points/
barriers against their access to financial services
in the region. Respondents also offered their
preferences on how they wanted the services
to be improved and how to acquire financial
management skills.
The future of ASEAN’s digital economy can be
even brighter with collaboration from all relevant
stakeholders to address identified challenges in a
timely and coordinated manner. Robust data and
insights revealed in this report will hopefully guide
targeted actions for further improving the current
digital and financial inclusion landscape.
We thank all the teams and colleagues from the
World Economic Forum and Sea for their dedicated
efforts in helping to gather and analyse the data,
provide linkages to relevant initiatives and produce
this valuable outcome.
With continued uncertainty and fragility in global
economic situations, we sincerely hope this report will
be of helpful assistance and support to policy-makers,
business leaders and all those working towards
further strengthening ASEAN’s economy and for the
future of ASEAN’s ever-growing digital generation.
An effort to promote evidence-based
policy in the ASEAN region.
Joo-Ok Lee
Head, Regional Agenda,
Asia-Pacific; Member,
Executive Committee,
World Economic Forum
Santitarn Sathirathai
Group Chief Economist, Sea
ASEAN Digital Generation Report:
Digital Financial Inclusion
December 2022
ASEAN Digital Generation Report: Digital Financial Inclusion 3
Executive summary
This year, 90,000 people were surveyed from six
ASEAN countries, predominantly youth (70%) aged
between 16 and 35. Of the respondents, 52% were
female and 27,000 were micro-, small- and medium-
sized enterprises (MSMEs). The respondents represent
ASEAN’s digital generation, as they are among the
key compositions of ASEAN digital consumers today.
ASEAN’s digital generation were asked to share,
among other things, their digital financial services
use experiences, what better access to financial
services means for them, their competency in
financial knowledge, their aspirations for further
digitalization of financial services and how they want
to acquire financial management skills.
Below are the key findings:
1. ASEAN’s digital generation continues to vigorously
digitalize their usage of financial services. Digital
payment (e-banking and e-wallets) apps were the
most widely used applications after social media.
Respondents predominantly desired to further
digitalize financial services, significantly more so
among already active users, entrepreneurs and
well-banked respondents.
2. For ASEAN’s digital generation, the three most
important financial services functions were: 1)
managing cash flows and expenses, 2) saving
for the future, and 3) providing a safety net to get
through difficult times. Businesses also recognized
the role of financial services in business
expansions, expense payments, new customer
acquisitions and customer dispute resolution.
3. Digitalization offers the potential to improve
access to finance and hence promote inclusivity
for underserved groups such as rural dwellers,
micro-businesses and women. Accessing digital
financial services has become a common practice
among the majority of rural dwellers in ASEAN.
MSMEs, particularly micro-businesses, received
more loans from FinTech, complementing bank
loans. Women adopted more digital finance
apps (65%) than men (59%). One in five women
needing loans borrowed from FinTech, making
it the second most important source of formal
borrowing after commercial banks.
4. Despite placing significant importance on the
role of access to financial services for social
safety nets and savings, only a fifth of ASEAN’s
digital generation have access to credit,
investment and insurance. Together with rural
dwellers and micro-enterprises, women were
not as financially included. They had less access
to advanced financial services and received
fewer loans than men. Despite improvements in
access to financial services, these groups are
still underserved.
5. Being digitally savvy and having a solid
understanding of financial products correlate with
strong adoption of financial services. The survey,
however, revealed significant gaps in financial
and digital literacy among respondents, with 24%
reporting never having learned how to manage
their finances before. In addition, fear of hidden
costs, ambiguous contract terms, and complicated
interfaces and processes were reported as critical
barriers to adopting financial services.
6. Respondents reported picking up financial
management skills primarily through family and
friends and through learning by doing. These,
together with learning through social media
sources, were the favoured ways of gaining
knowledge about these topics. The majority
of those who had acquired those skills at
school found it the best way to learn. However,
significant demand for formal training in schools,
training courses outside schools and learning from
financial experts has not been adequate.
7. Security and safety are foundational requirements
for the digital generation to adopt financial
services. The survey showed that security and
fraud concerns were the top barrier for virtually all
financial services for ASEAN’s digital generation.
8. Enabling more international payments could help
to reduce the friction and cost of international
transactions, providing more regional/
international opportunities for businesses to
expand and trade. However, 42% of MSME
entrepreneurs reported that their inability to
receive and/or send payment internationally had
hampered their ability to trade across borders.
9. The identified gaps and obstacles call for
multistakeholder collaborations on the following
key fronts: improving digital and financial
literacy, strengthening cybersecurity and trust in
digital financial services, and enhancing access
to digital financial services.
10. As the demand for training and the preferred
learning method for financial education
varied across respondents’ age and location,
multistakeholder actions to improve financial
literacy need to be designed with a targeted
approach, catering to specific groups of
ASEAN’s digital generation.
Actions to improve financial inclusion need
to be developed with the demands of
ASEAN’s digital generation in mind.
ASEAN Digital Generation Report: Digital Financial Inclusion 4
Introduction
Digitalization will continue to play
a critical role in promoting financial
inclusion across the ASEAN region.
Since 2017, the World Economic Forum has
partnered with Sea, a Singapore-based global
consumer internet company, to survey and analyse
the aspirations and perspectives of youths aged
between 16 and 35, and, as of last year, ASEAN’s
digital generation aged 16 and above. This work
offers statistical insights into the views, priorities and
concerns of the region’s digital consumers to inform
and shape relevant regional policy.
In 2021, while undergoing severe financial stress
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, respondents
recognized the critical role of digitalization in economic
recovery. They also found the increased ease and
efficiency of payments and transferring money to be
the most significant benefit of digitalization to society.
They sought more digitalization in payments, loans
and financing processes. Inspired by the findings
from last year, this year’s edition further explores the
current landscape of financial services’ digitalization,
relevant gaps and multistakeholder actions needed
for digital financial inclusion.
The objectives are to generate insights that can
inform government policies and multistakeholder
collaborations that help ASEAN’s digital generation
to navigate the financial world more competently,
instill resilience against economic challenges and
fully reap the benefits of a vibrant, inclusive and
sustainable digital economy in the ASEAN region.
The survey was conducted online through
“Shopee”, Sea’s e-commerce platform, “Garena”,
a digital entertainment business and “SeaMoney”, a
digital financial services arm. Visitors to Shopee and
Garena were invited to take part in the survey, with
only the responses from those aged 16 and above
being included in the results. In total, 90,373 people
were surveyed, mainly from Indonesia, Malaysia,
the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
Respondents were predominantly youths (70%)
aged between 16 and 35. Of the respondents, 52%
were female and 27,000 were micro-, small- and
medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The survey
was held between July and August of 2022.
The below report is structured into three main
parts: adoption, expectations and potentials for
digital financial inclusion, gaps and obstacles, and
actions required.
ASEAN Digital Generation Report: Digital Financial Inclusion 5
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