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本文档是oracle11g rac官方安装文档，使用于Linux或者Unix操作系统安装。
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Oracle® Real Application Clusters
Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX
E41962-05
November 2016
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide, 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX
E41962-05
Copyright © 2007, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Aparna Kamath
Contributing Author: Douglas Williams
Contributors: David Austin, Troy Anthony, Mark Bauer, Mark Fuller, Yingwei Hu, Prakash Jashnani,
Caroline Johnston, Aneesh Khandelwal, Sana Karam, Ram Kumar, Bob Nelson, Satish Panchumarthy, Sunil
Ravindrachar, Trivikrama Samudrala, Janelle Simmons, Vivian Schupmann, Dharma Sirnapalli, James
Spiller, Malai Stalin, Kamal Tbeileh, Jonathan Creighton, Barb Lundhild, Venkat Maddali, Markus
Michalewicz, Dipak Saggi, Shachi Sanklecha, Janet Stern
This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on
use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your
license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license,
transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse
engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is
prohibited.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If
you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.
If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it
on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable:
U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software,
any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users
are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and
agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and
adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on
the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to
the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.
This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management
applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including
applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous
applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other
measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages
caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.
Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of
their respective owners.
Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks
are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD,
Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced
Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content,
products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and
expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services
unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its
affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of
third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and
Oracle.
iii
Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................................................. xi
Intended Audience...................................................................................................................................... xi
Documentation Accessibility..................................................................................................................... xi
Related Documents ..................................................................................................................................... xi
Conventions ................................................................................................................................................ xii
What's New in Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation?....................................... xiii
New Features for Release 2 (11.2.0.4) ..................................................................................................... xiii
Desupported Options for Release 2 (11.2.0.4) ....................................................................................... xiv
New Features for Release 2 (11.2.0.3) ..................................................................................................... xiv
New Features for Release 2 (11.2.0.2) ..................................................................................................... xiv
New Features for Release 2 (11.2) ........................................................................................................... xv
New Features for Release 1(11.1) .......................................................................................................... xviii
1 Preinstallation Checklist
1.1 Before You Start: Planning Your Installation.......................................................................... 1-1
1.1.1 Check My Oracle Support .................................................................................................. 1-2
1.1.2 Consider Using Software Updates Option ...................................................................... 1-2
1.1.3 Check Oracle Technology Network.................................................................................. 1-3
1.1.4 Review Installation Steps for Oracle RAC ....................................................................... 1-3
1.1.5 Review How to Use Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) ................................................ 1-4
1.1.6 Review and Back Up Existing Oracle Installations......................................................... 1-4
1.1.7 Review Globalization Requirements ................................................................................ 1-5
1.1.8 Review Documentation ...................................................................................................... 1-6
1.2 Overview of Server Hardware, Network and Operating System ....................................... 1-6
1.2.1 Review Server Hardware and Software Requirements ................................................. 1-7
1.2.2 Overview of Server Environment Configuration ........................................................... 1-8
1.2.3 Overview of Oracle Base..................................................................................................... 1-8
1.2.4 Overview of Network Connection Requirements .......................................................... 1-9
1.2.5 Overview of Secure Shell (SSH) Configuration............................................................ 1-11
1.2.6 Overview of Browser Requirement ............................................................................... 1-12
1.2.7 Overview of Platform-Specific Server Configuration ................................................. 1-12
1.3 Overview of Oracle RAC Storage.......................................................................................... 1-13
1.3.1 Where to Review Storage System Requirements ........................................................ 1-13
1.3.2 Overview of Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System............. 1-13
iv
1.3.3 Overview of Oracle Database and Recovery File Options ......................................... 1-13
1.3.4 General Storage Considerations for Oracle RAC......................................................... 1-14
1.3.5 Using Logical Volume Managers with Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC........
1-16
1.4 Additional Information to Prepare for Installation............................................................. 1-16
1.4.1 Oracle ASM is Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure........................................... 1-16
1.4.2 Obtain the Oracle ASM ASMSNMP Password for Oracle Enterprise Manager ..... 1-16
1.4.3 Oracle Clusterware and Vendor Clusterware.............................................................. 1-17
1.4.4 Shared Components of Oracle RAC Installations........................................................ 1-17
1.4.5 Simplified Upgrade of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data................................ 1-17
1.4.6 Ensure an External Jobs User Is Created for HP-UX................................................... 1-17
1.4.7 Oracle Database 11g Real Application Clusters Release Compatibility ................... 1-18
1.5 Confirming Cluster Readiness for Oracle RAC Installation with CVU........................... 1-18
1.6 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes for Upgrades or Coexisting Databases ................. 1-19
2 Installing Oracle Database 11g with Oracle Real Application Clusters
2.1 Reviewing Oracle Application Express Requirements ......................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Browser Requirements for Oracle Application Express ................................................ 2-2
2.1.2 Installing with Existing Oracle HTML Server Installations .......................................... 2-2
2.1.3 Oracle Text Requirement for Oracle Application Express ............................................ 2-2
2.1.4 Oracle XML DB Requirement for Oracle Application Express..................................... 2-2
2.2 Selecting a Configuration Option............................................................................................. 2-2
2.3 Oracle Database Vault Installation and Configuration ......................................................... 2-3
2.3.1 Oracle Database Vault Requirements............................................................................... 2-3
2.3.2 Oracle Database Vault Accounts....................................................................................... 2-4
2.3.2.1 Oracle Database Vault Owner .................................................................................... 2-4
2.3.2.2 Oracle Database Vault Account Manager................................................................. 2-4
2.3.3 Multiple Oracle Database Vault Homes........................................................................... 2-5
2.3.4 Starting the Listener with Oracle Database Vault Installations.................................... 2-5
2.3.5 Installing Oracle Database Vault....................................................................................... 2-5
2.3.5.1 Configuring Oracle Database Vault During Oracle RAC Installation.................. 2-5
2.3.5.2 Configuring Oracle Database Vault After Oracle RAC Installation ..................... 2-5
2.4 Oracle Database Configuration Type Descriptions ............................................................... 2-6
2.4.1 General Purpose and Transaction Processing, and Data Warehouse Configuration
Types 2-6
2.4.2 Using the Advanced Install Type...................................................................................... 2-6
2.5 Oracle Configuration Manager Option ................................................................................... 2-7
2.6 Database Security Options......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.7 Changing Administrative Account Database Passwords..................................................... 2-8
2.8 Actions of OUI and DBCA During Installation...................................................................... 2-8
2.9 Installing Oracle Database with Other Languages ................................................................ 2-9
2.10 Selecting a Database Name........................................................................................................ 2-9
2.11 Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC..................................................... 2-10
2.12 Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC One Node.................................. 2-12
2.13 Using DBCA to Configure Oracle RAC One Node............................................................. 2-13
v
3 Creating Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases with Database
Configuration Assistant
3.1 Using Database Configuration Assistant with Oracle RAC................................................. 3-1
3.2 Benefits of Using Database Configuration Assistant............................................................. 3-2
3.3 Automatic Listener Migration from Earlier Releases ............................................................ 3-2
3.4 Setting Environment Variables for Enterprise Manager DB Control.................................. 3-3
3.5 Verifying Requirements for DBCA .......................................................................................... 3-3
3.6 Creating an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA...................................................................... 3-4
3.7 Deleting an Oracle RAC Database with DBCA...................................................................... 3-7
4 Oracle Real Application Clusters Postinstallation Procedures
4.1 Required Postinstallation Tasks................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.1 Downloading and Installing Patch Updates.................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Setting External Jobs Ownership for Installations on HP-UX....................................... 4-2
4.1.3 Configuring Oracle Products............................................................................................. 4-3
4.1.4 Relocating Instance-Related Memory-Mapped files from OCFS2 Using Symbolic Links
4-3
4.2 Recommended Postinstallation Tasks ..................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.1 Backing Up the root.sh Script ............................................................................................ 4-4
4.2.2 Setting the Oracle User Environment Variables.............................................................. 4-4
4.2.3 Recompiling all PL/SQL modules.................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.4 Setting Up Additional User Accounts .............................................................................. 4-4
4.2.5 Running Oracle RAC Configuration Audit Tool............................................................ 4-4
4.3 Oracle Configuration Manager Postinstallation Configuration for Oracle RAC .............. 4-5
4.4 Enabling and Disabling Database Options After Installation.............................................. 4-5
5 Configuring the Server Parameter File in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Environments
5.1 Parameter Files and Oracle RAC.............................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 Using Server Parameter Files with Oracle RAC..................................................................... 5-1
5.2.1 About the Server Parameter File ....................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 Parameter File Search Order in Oracle RAC........................................................................... 5-2
5.4 Migrating to the SPFILE in Oracle RAC Environments........................................................ 5-3
5.4.1 Server Parameter File Placement in Oracle RAC ............................................................ 5-3
5.4.2 Procedures for Migrating to the Server Parameter File ................................................ 5-3
5.5 Server Parameter File Errors in Oracle RAC........................................................................... 5-4
6 Configuring Server Pools and Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control
6.1 Understanding Server Pools...................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Oracle RAC One Node and Server Pools......................................................................... 6-2
6.1.2 Policy-Based Cluster and Capacity Management........................................................... 6-2
6.2 Configuring Database Control During and After Installation............................................. 6-2
6.2.1 Understanding Using EMCA with Oracle RAC ............................................................. 6-3
6.2.2 Configuring Database Control During Installation........................................................ 6-5
6.2.3 Configuring Database Control with DBCA..................................................................... 6-5
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