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Detection and Measurement of Radar Signals: A Tutorial 7th Annual ISART Frank H. Sanders NTIA Institute for Telecommunication Sciences 1 March 2005
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Detection and Measurement of Radar
Signals: A Tutorial
7
th
Annual ISART
Frank H. Sanders
NTIA Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
1 March 2005
OUTLINE
1. RADAR EMISSION FUNDAMENTALS
a) Pulse duty cycles
b) Transmitter peak power levels
c) Antenna gain
d) US radar spectrum bands
2. RADAR PARAMETERS
a) Radar spectrum engineering criteria (RSEC)
b) Waveform (pulse) width, rise time, fall time,
modulation
c) Pulse repetition rate
d) Antenna patterns
e) Emission spectra
a. Measurement hardware and algorithms
b. Measurement dependence on bandwidth
c. Do spectra have to be measured in the far
field?
2
RADAR EMISSION FUNDAMENTALS
-Emissions are pulsed. Usually about 0.1% duty
cycle (typically 1 us pulse width, and 1 ms pulse
repetition interval).
-Peak transmitter power levels often around 1 MW.
-Antenna gain often around 30 dBi.
-Peak EIRP levels around 1 GW.
Mission Pulse
width
(us)
Pulse
rate
(Hz)
Peak
power
(MW)
An-tenna
gain
(dBi)
PeakEI
RP
(GW)
Short range
air
search
1 1000 0.8 33 1.6
Long range
air search
3-10 300 1 33 2
Maritime
navigation
0.08-0.8 10000 0.02 30 0.02
Weather 1-5 300-
1300
0.75 45 24
3
MAJOR US RADAR SPECTRUM BANDS
5-25 MHz HF OTH-B functions
420-450 MHz space search, airborne search
902-928 MHz air search
1215-1400 MHz long range air search
2700-2900 MHz air traffic control (terminals)
2900-3100 MHz air & marine search, weather
3100-3700 MHz air search
5250-5925 MHz air search, weather
8.5-10.5 GHz airborne functions
13.4-14.0 GHz airborne functions
15.7-17.7 GHz airborne functions
24.05-24.25 GHz low power (e.g., police radars)
4
RADAR PARAMETERS
Radar Spectrum Engineering Criteria (RSEC)
- Established by NTIA, adhered to by all US Federal
Government radars.
- Is the basis for other radar emission standards,
both internationally and domestically (for example,
MIL-STD 494
- Specifies, for radars, limits on spurious and out-of-
band emissions (collectively called unwanted
emissions).
- Specifies additional requirements for radar
performance of factors such as antenna patterns,
receiver selectivity, and receiver LO emissions.
- Does NOT guarantee that no interference will
occur!!
- Requires that many radar emission parameters
need to be measured so that emission masks can be
drawn.
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