ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.3.1 (2011-06
)
ETSI Standard
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 1: TTCN-3
Core Language
ETSI
ETSI ES 201 873
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1 V4.3.1 (2011
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06)
2
Reference
RES/MTS-00107-1 T3 ed431 core
Keywords
methodology, MTS, testing, TTCN
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ETSI
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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights .............................................................................................................................. 11
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
2 References .............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Informative references ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3 Definitions and abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 14
3.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 17
4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 17
4.1 The core language and presentation formats .................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Unanimity of the specification ......................................................................................................................... 19
4.3 Conformance .................................................................................................................................................... 19
5 Basic language elements ........................................................................................................................ 20
5.1 Identifiers and keywords .................................................................................................................................. 20
5.2 Scope rules ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.1 Scope of formal parameters ........................................................................................................................ 23
5.2.2 Uniqueness of identifiers ............................................................................................................................ 23
5.3 Ordering of language elements ......................................................................................................................... 24
5.4 Parameterization ............................................................................................................................................... 24
5.4.1 Formal parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 24
5.4.1.1 Formal parameters of kind value ........................................................................................................... 25
5.4.1.2 Formal parameters of kind template ...................................................................................................... 27
5.4.1.3 Formal parameters of kind timer ........................................................................................................... 28
5.4.1.4 Formal parameters of kind port ............................................................................................................. 29
5.4.2 Actual parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 29
5.5 Cyclic Definitions............................................................................................................................................. 32
6 Types and values .................................................................................................................................... 32
6.1 Basic types and values ...................................................................................................................................... 33
6.1.0 Simple basic types and values..................................................................................................................... 33
6.1.1 Basic string types and values ...................................................................................................................... 34
6.1.1.1 Accessing individual string elements .................................................................................................... 36
6.1.2 Subtyping of basic types ............................................................................................................................. 36
6.1.2.1 Lists of values ....................................................................................................................................... 36
6.1.2.2 Lists of types ......................................................................................................................................... 36
6.1.2.3 Ranges ................................................................................................................................................... 37
6.1.2.4 String length restrictions ....................................................................................................................... 37
6.1.2.5 Pattern subtyping of character string types ........................................................................................... 38
6.1.2.6 Mixing subtyping mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 38
6.1.2.6.1 Mixing patterns, lists and ranges ..................................................................................................... 38
6.1.2.6.2 Using length restriction with other constraints ................................................................................ 39
6.2 Structured types and values .............................................................................................................................. 39
6.2.1 Record type and values ............................................................................................................................... 41
6.2.1.1 Referencing fields of a record type ....................................................................................................... 42
6.2.1.2 Optional elements in a record................................................................................................................ 42
6.2.1.3 Nested type definitions for field types .................................................................................................. 43
6.2.2 Set type and values ..................................................................................................................................... 43
6.2.2.1 Referencing fields of a set type ............................................................................................................. 43
6.2.2.2 Optional elements in a set ..................................................................................................................... 43
6.2.2.3 Nested type definition for field types .................................................................................................... 43
6.2.3 Records and sets of single types ................................................................................................................. 44
6.2.3.1 Nested type definitions .......................................................................................................................... 45
6.2.3.2 Referencing elements of record of and set of types .............................................................................. 45
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6.2.4 Enumerated type and values ....................................................................................................................... 46
6.2.5 Unions ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
6.2.5.1 Referencing fields of a union type ........................................................................................................ 47
6.2.5.2 Option and union ................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.5.3 Nested type definition for field types .................................................................................................... 48
6.2.6 The anytype ................................................................................................................................................ 48
6.2.7 Arrays ......................................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.8 The default type .......................................................................................................................................... 50
6.2.9 Communication port types .......................................................................................................................... 50
6.2.10 Component types ........................................................................................................................................ 52
6.2.10.1 Component type definition .................................................................................................................... 52
6.2.10.2 Reuse of component types .................................................................................................................... 53
6.2.11 Component references ................................................................................................................................ 55
6.2.12 Addressing entities inside the SUT ............................................................................................................. 57
6.2.13 Subtyping of structured types ..................................................................................................................... 59
6.2.13.1 Length subtyping of record ofs and set ofs ........................................................................................... 59
6.2.13.2 List subtyping of structured types and anytype ..................................................................................... 60
6.2.13.3 Subtyping of the iterated type of record ofs and set ofs ........................................................................ 62
6.2.13.4 Mixing subtyping mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 63
6.3 Type compatibility ........................................................................................................................................... 63
6.3.1 Type compatibility of non-structured types ................................................................................................ 63
6.3.2 Type compatibility of structured types ....................................................................................................... 64
6.3.2.1 Type compatibility of enumerated types ............................................................................................... 64
6.3.2.2 Type compatibility of record and record of types ................................................................................. 64
6.3.2.3 Type compatibility of set and set of types ............................................................................................. 66
6.3.2.4 Type compatibility of union types ........................................................................................................ 67
6.3.2.5 Type compatibility of anytype types ..................................................................................................... 67
6.3.2.6 Compatibility between sub-structures ................................................................................................... 68
6.3.3 Type compatibility of component types...................................................................................................... 68
6.3.4 Type compatibility of communication operations ...................................................................................... 68
6.3.5 Type conversion .......................................................................................................................................... 69
6.4 Type synonym .................................................................................................................................................. 69
7 Expressions ............................................................................................................................................. 69
7.1 Operators .......................................................................................................................................................... 70
7.1.1 Arithmetic operators ................................................................................................................................... 71
7.1.2 List operator ................................................................................................................................................ 72
7.1.3 Relational operators .................................................................................................................................... 72
7.1.4 Logical operators ........................................................................................................................................ 74
7.1.5 Bitwise operators ........................................................................................................................................ 74
7.1.6 Shift operators ............................................................................................................................................. 75
7.1.7 Rotate operators .......................................................................................................................................... 76
7.2 Field references and list elements ..................................................................................................................... 76
8 Modules .................................................................................................................................................. 77
8.1 Definition of a module ..................................................................................................................................... 77
8.2 Module definitions part .................................................................................................................................... 78
8.2.1 Module parameters ..................................................................................................................................... 78
8.2.2 Groups of definitions .................................................................................................................................. 80
8.2.3 Importing from modules ............................................................................................................................. 81
8.2.3.1 General format of import ...................................................................................................................... 81
8.2.3.2 Importing single definitions .................................................................................................................. 87
8.2.3.3 Importing groups ................................................................................................................................... 88
8.2.3.4 Importing definitions of the same kind ................................................................................................. 89
8.2.3.5 Importing all definitions of a module .................................................................................................... 90
8.2.3.6 Import definitions from other TTCN-3 editions and from non-TTCN-3 modules ................................ 90
8.2.3.7 Importing of import statements from TTCN-3 modules ....................................................................... 92
8.2.3.8 Compatibility of language specifications in imports ............................................................................. 93
8.2.4 Definition of friend modules ....................................................................................................................... 93
8.2.5 Visibility of definitions ............................................................................................................................... 94
8.3 Module control part .......................................................................................................................................... 95
9 Port types, component types and test configurations ............................................................................. 96
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9.1 Communication ports ....................................................................................................................................... 97
9.2 Test system interface ........................................................................................................................................ 99
10 Declaring constants .............................................................................................................................. 101
11 Declaring variables ............................................................................................................................... 101
11.1 Value variables ............................................................................................................................................... 101
11.2 Template variables ......................................................................................................................................... 102
12 Declaring timers ................................................................................................................................... 103
13 Declaring messages .............................................................................................................................. 104
14 Declaring procedure signatures ............................................................................................................ 104
15 Declaring templates .............................................................................................................................. 106
15.1 Declaring message templates ......................................................................................................................... 106
15.2 Declaring signature templates ........................................................................................................................ 108
15.3 Global and local templates ............................................................................................................................. 109
15.4 In-line Templates ............................................................................................................................................ 110
15.5 Modified templates ......................................................................................................................................... 111
15.6 Referencing elements of templates or template fields .................................................................................... 113
15.6.1 Referencing individual string elements..................................................................................................... 113
15.6.2 Referencing record and set fields ....................................................................................................... 114
15.6.3 Referencing record of and set of elements ...................................................................................... 115
15.6.4 Referencing signature parameters ............................................................................................................. 116
15.7 Template matching mechanisms .................................................................................................................... 117
15.7.1 Specific values .......................................................................................................................................... 118
15.7.2 Special symbols that can be used instead of values .................................................................................. 118
15.7.3 Special symbols that can be used inside values ........................................................................................ 119
15.7.4 Special symbols which describe attributes of values ................................................................................ 119
15.8 Template Restrictions ..................................................................................................................................... 120
15.9 Match Operation ............................................................................................................................................. 122
15.10 Valueof Operation .......................................................................................................................................... 123
15.11 Concatenating templates of string and list types ............................................................................................ 123
16 Functions, altsteps and testcases .......................................................................................................... 125
16.1 Functions ........................................................................................................................................................ 125
16.1.1 Invoking functions .................................................................................................................................... 126
16.1.2 Predefined functions ................................................................................................................................. 128
16.1.3 External functions ..................................................................................................................................... 130
16.1.4 Invoking functions from specific places ................................................................................................... 130
16.2 Altsteps ........................................................................................................................................................... 131
16.2.1 Invoking altsteps ....................................................................................................................................... 132
16.3 Test cases........................................................................................................................................................ 134
17 Void ...................................................................................................................................................... 135
18 Overview of program statements and operations ................................................................................. 135
19 Basic program statements ..................................................................................................................... 137
19.1 Assignments ................................................................................................................................................... 138
19.2 The If-else statement ...................................................................................................................................... 138
19.3 The Select case statement ............................................................................................................................... 139
19.4 The For statement ........................................................................................................................................... 140
19.5 The While statement ....................................................................................................................................... 140
19.6 The Do-while statement ................................................................................................................................. 141
19.7 The Label statement ....................................................................................................................................... 141
19.8 The Goto statement ........................................................................................................................................ 142
19.9 The Stop execution statement ......................................................................................................................... 143
19.10 The Return statement ...................................................................................................................................... 143
19.11 The Log statement .......................................................................................................................................... 144
19.12 The Break statement ....................................................................................................................................... 145
19.13 The Continue statement .................................................................................................................................. 146
19.14 Statement block .............................................................................................................................................. 147
