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Pro DNS and BIND 10

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information

storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the

publisher.

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-3048-9

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-3049-6

Printed and bound in the United States of America (POD)

Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark

symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and

images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of

infringement of the trademark.

The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if

they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not

they are subject to proprietary rights.

President and Publisher: Paul Manning

Lead Editor: Michelle Lowman

Technical Reviewer: Joe Topjian

Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jonathan

Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper,

Frank Pohlmann, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade,

Tom Welsh

Coordinating Editor: Laurin Becker

Copy Editor: Mary Behr

Compositor: MacPS, LLC.

Indexer: Julie Grady

Artist: April Milne

Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 233 Spring

Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail

orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit www.springeronline.com.

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use. eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference

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The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every

precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall

have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be

caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work.

The source code for this book is available to readers at www.apress.com. You will need to answer

questions pertaining to this book in order to successfully download the code.

Contents

Contents at a Glance ................................................................................................. iv

About the Author ................................................................................................... xxiii

About the Technical Reviewer ............................................................................... xxiv

Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. xxv

Introduction ...........................................................................................................

xxvi

Part I: Principles and Overview .................................................................................. 1

■Chapter 1: An Introduction to DNS .......................................................................... 3

A Brief History of Name Servers ........................................................................................ 3

Name Server Basics ........................................................................................................... 4

The Internet Domain Name System ................................................................................... 4

Domains and Delegation ........................................................................................................................... 5

Domain Authority ...................................................................................................................................... 6

DNS Implementation and Structure ................................................................................... 8

Root DNS Operations .......................................................................................................... 9

Top-Level Domains ................................................................................................................................. 13

DNS in Action ................................................................................................................... 16

Zones and Zone Files .............................................................................................................................. 19

Master and Slave DNS Servers ............................................................................................................... 20

DNS Software ................................................................................................................... 21

Summary .......................................................................................................................... 22

■Chapter 2: Zone Files and Resource Records ........................................................ 23

Zone File Format .............................................................................................................. 23

■ CONTENTS

Zone File Contents ........................................................................................................... 24

An Example Zone File ....................................................................................................... 25

The $TTL Directive ........................................................................................................... 27

The $ORIGIN Directive ...................................................................................................... 28

The SOA Resource Record ............................................................................................... 30

The NS Resource Record ................................................................................................. 33

The MX Resource Record ................................................................................................. 34

The A Resource Record .................................................................................................... 35

CNAME Resource Record ................................................................................................. 36

When CNAME Records Must Be Used ..................................................................................................... 38

Additional Resource Records ........................................................................................... 38

PTR Resource Records ............................................................................................................................ 38

TXT Resource Records ................................

............................................................................................ 38

AAAA Resource Records ......................................................................................................................... 39

NSEC, RRSIG, DS, DNSKEY, and KEY Resource Records

......................................................................... 39

SRV Resource Records ............................................................................................................................ 39

Standard Configuration File Scenarios ............................................................................. 39

Summary .......................................................................................................................... 39

■Chapter 3: DNS Operations .................................................................................... 41

The DNS Protocol ............................................................................................................. 41

DNS Queries ..................................................................................................................... 42

Recursive Queries ................................................................................................................................... 43

Iterative (Nonrecursive) Queries

............................................................................................................. 45

Inverse Queries ....................................................................................................................................... 47

DNS Reverse Mapping ..................................................................................................... 47

IN-ADDR.ARPA Reverse-Mapping Domain ............................................................................................. 48

Zone Maintenance ............................................................................................................ 55

Full Zone Transfer (AXFR) ........................................................................................................................ 56

Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR

) .......................................................................................................... 57

Notify (NOTIFY) ....................................................................................................................................... 58

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