About the Author ...................................................................................... 4
Icons Used in This Book ............................................................................. 4
Introduction ............................................................................................. 5
Goals and Methods................................................................................. 5
Who Should Read This Book?................................................................... 6
Chapter 1. Introduction to Data in the Metro............................................... 10
The Metro Network .............................................................................. 10
Ethernet in the Metro ........................................................................... 14
The Early Metro Ethernet Movers............................................................ 14
The U.S. Incumbent Landscape.............................................................. 19
The International Landscape.................................................................. 21
A Data View of the Metro ...................................................................... 22
Metro Services .................................................................................... 23
Ethernet Access and Frame Relay Comparison ......................................... 25
Conclusion .......................................................................................... 26
Chapter 2. Metro Technologies .................................................................. 27
Ethernet over SONET/SDH .................................................................... 27
Resilient Packet Ring............................................................................ 38
Ethernet Transport............................................................................... 43
Conclusion .......................................................................................... 46
Chapter 3. Metro Ethernet Services ........................................................... 48
L2 Switching Basics.............................................................................. 48
Metro Ethernet Services Concepts .......................................................... 53
Example of an L2 Metro Ethernet Service ................................................ 68
Challenges with All-Ethernet Metro Networks ........................................... 74
Conclusion .......................................................................................... 76
Chapter 4. Hybrid L2 and L3 IP/MPLS Networks........................................... 77
Understanding VPN Components ............................................................ 77
Delivering L3VPNs over IP..................................................................... 78
L2 Ethernet Services over an IP/MPLS Network ........................................ 86
Conclusion.........................................................................................122
Chapter 5. MPLS Traffic Engineering .........................................................124
Advantages of Traffic Engineering .........................................................124
Pre-MPLS Traffic Engineering Techniques................................................126
MPLS and Traffic Engineering................................................................128
Conclusion .........................................................................................133
Chapter 6. RSVP for Traffic Engineering and Fast Reroute ............................134
Understanding RSVP-TE.......................................................................135
Understanding MPLS Fast Reroute .........................................................147
Conclusion .........................................................................................151
..............................................................................................................151
Chapter 7. MPLS Controlling Optical Switches.............................................152
Understanding GMPLS .........................................................................152
Establishing the Need for GMPLS...........................................................153
Signaling Models.................................................................................158
Label Switching in a Nonpacket World....................................................160
Conclusion .........................................................................................165
Chapter 8. GMPLS Architecture ................................................................166
GMPLS Interfaces ...............................................................................166
Modification of Routing and Signaling.....................................................167
Inclusion of Technology-Specific Parameters ...........................................185
Link Management Protocol ...................................................................186
GMPLS Protection and Restoration Mechanisms .......................................187
Summary of Differences Between MPLS and GMPLS.................................188
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