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摘 要
称重是指预定的比例，在衡器测量几个已知的物质。用途非常广泛，可用于各种
配料计量，也可用于材料测量（料斗秤）。在包装封口机的情况下，它是一种定量包
装秤..
具体设计是送料过程分为两个阶段，并为推动原油进料阀和较小的进给阀打开和
关闭气动系统，通过两喂养确保称量精度和速度，实现脉冲修正功能，提高定量灌装
精度。具有良好的人机界面，该系统可以应用于不同的颗粒物料的定量灌装。同时通
过相关电气图设计，元器件选型，PLC 控制设计和控制系统程序的编写，达到自动称
量和定量给料和自动控制的目的，完成设计任务。可用于化工，医药，饲料，水稻，
在松散颗粒状物料连续定量灌装食品加工等行业。
关键词：颗粒物料；定量灌装；自动控制；可编程控制器，自动校秤
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of social economic and technology, the demand for
equipment of quantitative granular materials weighing and packaging is growing ， and
strictting with the required speed and precision of material packaging. According to the
requests of realities in production, an automatic control system of quantitative weighing
and packaging is studied on. And the better proposal is proposed to improve the speed of
packaging and the precision of weighing. Using the AD-4401 weighing instrument to
weigh and display the value of material weighing, and according to the output signal of
weighting cell, that accomplish materials quantitative weighing. Using PLC to control the
sequence of filling movement, and to match relevant execute driver device in the design,
that realize the electric control of the feeding for granular material 、 the quantitative
weighing and semi-automatic packaging, and so on.
Design proposal of specifics is divided materiel feeling process into two stage, with
pneumatic system to drive big feed valve and small feed valve. By twice feeding to
guarantee the speed and precision of weighing, and to achieve the function of overshoot
correction, that improve the precision of quantitative packaging. And having good human
machine interface, that make the system to apply to different of granular material
quantitative packaging. In addition, by the design of correlative electric drawing 、 the
selection for component、the design of overall control by PLC, and compile program for
control system，the system can realize the functions of automatic weighting、quantitative
feeding in process for automatic control, and complete the design task. It can be used in
industries of chemical industry, medicine, making rice, feed, and food processing in the
state of loose granular materials for quantitative packaging.
Key words：granular materials；quantitative packaging；automatic control；program logic
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目 录
1 绪 论................................................................1
1.1 称重机械的发展现状及现实意义 ....................................1
1.2 颗粒物料定量灌装控制系统的研究意义 ..............................1
1.3 称重机械的设计任务 ..............................................2
1.3.1 称重机械的发展方向........................................2
1.3.2 称重机械设计存在的问题....................................2
1.4 颗粒物料定量灌装控制系统的设计任务 ..............................3
1.4.1 主要构思..................................................3
1.4.2 主要工作任务及技术参数....................................3
2 总体方案设计..........................................................4
2.1 料斗秤的工作原理及特点 ..........................................4
2.1.1 料斗秤的工作原理..........................................4
2.1.2 料斗秤的特点..............................................4
2.2 料斗秤的控制系统构成 ............................................5
2.3 总体方案设计 ....................................................5
2.3.1 控制系统方案设计..........................................5
2.3.2 控制电路图设计............................................6
2.3.3 PLC 整体控制设计 ..........................................6
3 电气控制系统设计......................................................8
3.1 元器件的选型 ....................................................8
3.1.1 称重仪表的选型............................................8
3.1.2 传感器的选型..............................................9
3.1.3 气缸的选型...............................................15
3.1.4 电磁阀的选型.............................................22
3.2 控制系统电气图设计 .............................................23
3.2.1 电气原理图的设计.........................................23
3.2.2 控制关系图的设计.........................................24
3.3 整体控制系统工作原理 ...........................................25
3.3.1 系统控制对象及信号.......................................25
3.3.2 电气控制原理.............................................26
3.3.3 根据控制原理画出系统工作流程图...........................27
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3.3.4 控制时序图...............................................27
3.4 PLC 设计 .......................................................29
3.4.1 I/O 点分配、PLC 选型及外部接线图..........................29
3.4.2 编写 PLC 控制程序.........................................32
结 论.................................................................34
参考文献...............................................................35
附录：英文文献及翻译...................................................36
致 谢.................................................................39
