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Companion notes[1]. A working excursion to accompany baby Rudin
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rudin的数学分析原理的一部分答案, 据说是最全的,自己刚下载到,独乐乐不如众乐乐,大家一起分享吧~
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COMPANION NOTES
A Working Excursion to Accompany Baby
Rudin
Evelyn M. Silvia
1
April 1, 1999
1
c
hEvelyn M. Silvia 1999
ii
Contents
Preface vii
0.0.1 About the Organization of the Material . . . ........viii
0.0.2 About the Errors . . . . ...................viii
1 The Field of Reals and Beyond 1
1.1 Fields ................................. 1
1.2 OrderedFields ............................ 11
1.2.1 Special Subsets of an Ordered Field . ............ 15
1.2.2 Bounding Properties . . ................... 17
1.3 TheRealField............................. 25
1.3.1 Density Properties of the Reals . . . . ............ 27
1.3.2 Existence of nth Roots . ................... 29
1.3.3 The Extended Real Number System . ............ 33
1.4 TheComplexField .......................... 34
1.4.1 Thinking Complex . . . ................... 39
1.5 ProblemSetA............................. 43
2 From Finite to Uncountable Sets 49
2.1 SomeReviewofFunctions...................... 49
2.2 AReviewofCardinalEquivalence.................. 54
2.2.1 Denumerable Sets and Sequences . . ............ 61
2.3 ReviewofIndexedFamiliesofSets ................. 62
2.4 CardinalityofUnionsOverFamilies................. 65
2.5 The Uncountable Reals . . . . . ................... 69
2.6 ProblemSetB............................. 70
3 METRIC SPACES and SOME BASIC TOPOLOGY 73
3.1 Euclidean n-space........................... 73
iii
iv CONTENTS
3.2 MetricSpaces............................. 77
3.3 Point Set Topology on Metric Spaces . . . . . ............ 82
3.3.1 Complements and Families of Subsets of Metric Spaces . . 87
3.3.2 Open Relative to Subsets of Metric Spaces . ........ 96
3.3.3 Compact Sets . . . . . . ................... 98
3.3.4 Compactness in Euclidean n-space..............105
3.3.5 Connected Sets . . . . . ...................111
3.3.6 Perfect Sets ..........................114
3.4 ProblemSetC.............................118
4 Sequences and Series–First View 123
4.1 Sequences and Subsequences in Metric Spaces . . . ........124
4.2 CauchySequencesinMetricSpaces .................135
4.3 Sequences in Euclidean k-space ...................139
4.3.1 Upper and Lower Bounds . . . . . . ............145
4.4 SomeSpecialSequences .......................149
4.5 SeriesofComplexNumbers .....................152
4.5.1 Some (Absolute) Convergence Tests . ............156
4.5.2 Absolute Convergence and Cauchy Products ........169
4.5.3 Hadamard Products and Series with Positive and Negative
Terms.............................173
4.5.4 Discussing Convergence ...................176
4.5.5 Rearrangements of Series . . . . . . ............177
4.6 ProblemSetD.............................178
5 Functions on Metric Spaces and Continuity 183
5.1 LimitsofFunctions..........................183
5.2 ContinuousFunctionsonMetricSpaces ...............197
5.2.1 A Characterization of Continuity . . . ............200
5.2.2 Continuity and Compactness . . . . . ............203
5.2.3 Continuity and Connectedness . . . . ............206
5.3 UniformContinuity..........................208
5.4 Discontinuities and Monotonic Functions . . ............211
5.4.1 Limits of Functions in the Extended Real Number System . 221
5.5 ProblemSetE.............................225
CONTENTS v
6 Differentiation: Our First View 229
6.1 TheDerivative.............................229
6.1.1 Formulas for Differentiation . . . . . ............242
6.1.2 Revisiting A Geometric Interpretation for the Derivative . . 243
6.2 TheDerivativeandFunctionBehavior................244
6.2.1 Continuity (or Discontinuity) of Derivatives . ........250
6.3 TheDerivativeandFindingLimits..................251
6.4 InverseFunctions...........................254
6.5 DerivativesofHigherOrder .....................258
6.6 Differentiation of Vector-ValuedFunctions..............262
6.7 ProblemSetF.............................266
7Riemann-Stieltjes Integration 275
7.1 RiemannSumsandIntegrability ...................277
7.1.1 Properties of Riemann-StieltjesIntegrals ..........295
7.2 RiemannIntegralsandDifferentiation ................307
7.2.1 Some Methods of Integration . . . . . ............311
7.2.2 The Natural Logarithm Function . . . ............314
7.3 IntegrationofVector-ValuedFunctions................315
7.3.1 Recti¿ableCurves ......................318
7.4 ProblemSetG.............................321
8 Sequences and Series of Functions 325
8.1 PointwiseandUniformConvergence.................326
8.1.1 Sequences of Complex-Valued Functions on Metric Spaces . 334
8.2 Conditions for Uniform Convergence . . . . ............335
8.3 PropertyTransmissionandUniformConvergence..........339
8.4 FamiliesofFunctions.........................349
8.5 TheStone-WeierstrassTheorem ...................363
8.6 ProblemSetH.............................363
9 Some Special Functions 369
9.1 PowerSeriesOvertheReals .....................369
9.2 SomeGeneralConvergenceProperties................379
9.3 DesignerSeries............................388
9.3.1 Another Visit With the Logarithm Function . ........393
9.3.2 A Series Development of Two Trigonometric Functions . . 394
9.4 SeriesfromTaylor’sTheorem ....................397
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- aphantee2014-05-08这个资料非常好,的确是看鲁丁数分原理的好伴侣。
supremeprcdragon
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