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AOP技术研究及其在软件开发中的应用.doc
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AOP技术研究及其在软件开发中的应用.doc
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摘要
I
摘要
软件工程的主要目标是改善软件质量,减少软件产品的成本,便于维护和进
化。为了实现这些目标,软件工程师们不断寻找开发技术和方法,以减少软件的
复杂度,提高可理解性和可重用性,同时促进演化。尽管在软件工程领域内已经
有许多好的研究成果,但仍然存在一些问题使得软件工程复杂化。软件的易理解
性会随着时间而降低,软件产品只具有有限的重用性,或重用起来很困难,在不
同的制品之间的可跟踪性也是受限的。
目前的软件开发方法己经不能很好处理横切关注点的模块化问题,所以就导
致面向方面编程 AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)和面向方面的软件开发方
法 AOSD (Aspect-Oriented Software Development)的出现。面向方面编程是
一种支持分离横切关注点的技术,表达了更高层次的抽象,能更有效地模块化系
统的横切关注点。面向方面软件开发方法是贯穿于需求分析、系统分析、实现和
测试全过程的面向软件开发的整体方法。本文将讨论 AOP 技术及其在软件开发过
程中的应用。
本文在借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上,重点研究基于用例的面向方面软
件开发方法,引入面向方面用例建模,介绍如何基于用例捕获关注点和实现关注
点分离,还尝试将研究的内容应用一个远程教育系统中。本文主要要完成的工作
如下:
首先,本文将介绍了课题的研究背景、对面向方面的国内外研究现状进行
总结和剖析,提出了本课题的主要研究内容。
其次,介绍 AOP 技术发展、AOP 技术基本概念,同时介绍 AOP 程序开发的步
骤,并对 AOP 技术及其支持工具的语言机制进行比较。
接着,分析目前开发软件的方法及存在的不足,同时引入面向方面软件开发
方法(AOSD),介绍其基本思想,提出一种基于用例的过程模型,介绍 AOSD 的发
展现状,还阐述 AOSD 的优点及存在的问题。
然后,AOSD 建模研究,介绍 UML 建模语言及其扩展机制,引入面向方面用
例建模,介绍如何基于用例捕获关注点和实现关注点分离。
最后是尝试将面向方面软件开发方法和相关技术引入到一个系统的开发过
程中,给出了一个应用的过程,特别是针对异常处理、日志管理和权限验证方面
进行了分析。
关键字:AOP,关注点,AOSD,UML建模语言,面向方面用例建模
Abstract
III
Abstract
The major goal of Software Engineering is to improve software quality and
reduce the cost of software products for the maintenance and evolution. In order to
achieve these goals , software engineers look for the developing technologies and
methods constantly which can reduce the complexity of the software , improve
intelligibility and reusability,promote evolution at the same time. Although the field
of software engineering has many good research results,but there are still some issues
make software engineering complex. The software’s understanding reduces over
time.Software products have only limited reusability and are very difficult to reuse.
The traceability is also limited between different products.
The current method of software development has been unable to deal with
cross-cutting concerns of the modular , so led to the aspect-oriented programming
AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming)and aspect-oriented software development
method AOSD ( Aspect-Oriented Software Development ) appearance.
Aspect-oriented programming is a technique for separation of cross-cutting concerns
with expressess higher abstraction.It is more effective method to modulalize the
cross-cutting concerns of software. Aspect-oriented software development method is a
whole process that run through the requirement , software design, realization and
software testing.This article will discuss the AOP technology and its application of
software development.
Based on relevant studies in this field, this article primarily studies the use-case
AOSD. At the same time, this article will introduce the UML Modeling Language and
tell you how to capture concerns based on use case and achieve separation of concerns.
And then make an application process using the studied methods and
technologies.Main tasks of this chapter:
First of all, this article will introduce the background of the research,sum
up , analyse the reasearch situation , and put forward the major tasks of this
research.
广东工业大学工程硕士学位论文
IV
Secondly , this article will introduce AOP technology development , AOP
technology basic concepts,and will introduce AOP development ‘s steps at the same
time. The language mechanism of AOP technology will be analysed and compared
deeply.
Then,this article will analyse the shortcomings of current software development
methods and put forward the aspect-oriented software development method
( AOSD ) . This article will introduce it’s basic idea. And I will put forward a
use-case development model. And it’s developing situation,and its advantages and
problems will be introduced.
Then , study the AOSD modeling.This chapter will introduce the UML
Modeling Language , and its extented mechanism.Futhermore , capture concerns
based on use case and achieve separation of concerns will be introduced.
Finally,I will try to make an application process using aspect-oriented software
development methods and technologies. Analyse particularly aspects , such as the
exception handling,log management and authority to verify.
Keywords: AOP ,Concerns ,AOSD, UML Modeling language,aspect-oriented
modeling with use cases
目录
V
目录
第一章 绪论................................................................................................................1
1.1 选题背景和研究意义 .........................................................................................1
1.2 国内外研究状况的分析 .....................................................................................2
1.3 论文的组织 .........................................................................................................3
第二章 AOP 技术研究.................................................................................................4
2.1 AOP 技术发展 .....................................................................................................4
2.1.1 现有软件技术的不足....................................................................................4
2.1.2 AOP 的出现...................................................................................................6
2.1.3 AOP 与 OOP 的比较.....................................................................................9
2.2 AOP 的基本概念 .................................................................................................9
2.2.1 连接点............................................................................................................9
2.2.2 切入点..........................................................................................................10
2.2.3 通知..............................................................................................................10
2.2.4 类型间声明..................................................................................................11
2.2.5 方面..............................................................................................................12
2.2.6 编织..............................................................................................................13
2.3 AOP 程序设计的步骤 .......................................................................................14
2.4 AOP 支持工具的比较 .......................................................................................15
2.4.1 语法的区别..................................................................................................15
2.4.2 连接点模型的区别......................................................................................16
2.4.3 编织方式的区别..........................................................................................17
2.4.4 AspectJ 的特点 ............................................................................................18
2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................19
第三章 面向方面软件开发方法(AOSD)研究......................................................20
3.1 AOSD 基本思想 ................................................................................................20
3.2 基于用例的 AOSD 过程模型 ...........................................................................21
3.2.1 需求分析阶段..............................................................................................22
3.2.2 系统分析和设计阶段..................................................................................22
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