SampleProjectSolutions(DigitalImageProcessingUsingMATLAB)

图像处理

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Sample Project Solutions

for

Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB

2nd edition

Rafael C. Gonzalez

Richard E. Woods

Steven L. Eddins

Gatesmark Publishing

a division of Gatesmark, LLC

ISBN: 9780982085400

Book web site: www.imageprocessingplace.com

Version 1.0

May 1, 2009

exclusively to assist instructors in teaching their courses or for individual use. Publication, sale, or other type of

widespread dissemination (i.e. dissemination of more than extremely limited extracts within the classroom

setting) of any part of this material (such as by posting it on the World Wide Web) is not authorized, and any

such dissemination is a violation of copyright laws.

Project Solutions Page 2

Introduction

This document contains solutions to all the sample projects listed in the book web site. These projects are

intended to serve as guidelines for formulating projects dealing with other topics in the book.

The projects range in complexity from straightforward extensions of the material in the book to more

comprehensive undertakings that require several hours to solve. All the material required for the projects is

contained in the book web site. Normally, the solutions are based on material that has been covered up to the

chapter in question, but we often use material from later chapters in order to arrive at a well-formulated

solution. In these instances, we indicate where the needed material is located in the book and, on rare

occasions, we point to online resources.

One of the most interesting aspects of a course in digital image processing in an academic environment is

the pictorial nature of the subject. It has been our experience that students truly enjoy and benefit from judicious

use of computer projects to complement the material covered in class. Since computer projects are in addition to

course work and homework assignments, we try to keep the formal project reporting as brief as possible. In

order to facilitate grading, we try to achieve uniformity in the way project reports are prepared. A useful report

format is as follows:

Page 1: Cover page.

 Project title

 Project number

 Course number

 Student’s name

 Date due

 Date handed in

Abstract (not to exceed ½ page).

Page 2: One to two pages (max) of technical discussion.

Page 3 (or 4): Discussion of results. One to two pages (max).

Results: Image results (printed typically on a laser or inkjet printer). All images must contain a number and title

referred to in the discussion of results.

Appendix: Program listings, focused on any original code prepared by the student. For brevity, functions and

routines provided to the student are referred to by name, but the code is not included.

Layout: The entire report must be on a standard sheet size (e.g., 8.5 by 11 inches), stapled with three or more

staples on the left margin to form a booklet, or bound using a clear cover, standard binding product.

Although formal project reporting of the nature just discussed is not typical in an independent study or

industrial/research environment, the projects outline in this document offer valuable extensions to the material

in the book, where lengthy examples are kept to a minimum for the sake of space and continuity in the

discussion. Image processing is a highly experimental field and MATLAB, along with the Image Processing

Project Solutions Page 4

Chapter 2

Sample Project Solutions

PROJECT 2.1

MATLAB does not have a function to determine which elements of an array are integers (i.e., . . ., 2, 1, 0, 1, 2

, . . .). Write a function for this purpose, with the following specifications:

function I = isinteger(A)

%ISINTEGER Determines which elements of an array are integers.

% I = ISINTEGER(A) returns a logical array, I, of the same size

% as A, with 1s (TRUE) in the locations corresponding to integers

% (i.e., . . . -2 -1 0 1 2 . . . )in A, and 0s (FALSE) elsewhere.

% A must be a numeric array.

Use of while or for loops is not allowed. Note: Integer and double-precision arrays with real or complex

values are numeric, while strings, cell arrays, and structure arrays are not. Hints: Become familiar with

function floor. If you include the capability to handle complex numbers, become familiar with functions

real and imag.

SOLUTIONS

Three solutions are provided. Solution 1 is a quick, easy-to-understand implementation that is acceptable for

“most” purposes. It isn’t perfect, however. For example, it returns true (1) for

Inf, -Inf, and for complex

numbers whose real and imaginary parts are integers, such as 1 + i. Solution 2 addresses these problems. It

has the advantage of being more robust, but it has the disadvantage of taking more time to run because of the

extra checks. Also, Solution 2 always converts A to double, which is unnecessary work for the integer-class

arrays. Solution 3 adds additional logic to avoid the double conversion when it is not needed. It is therefore

faster than the other solutions if the input has integer class. The disadvantage of Solution 3 is that the code is

longer and more difficult to understand, especially compared with Solution 1.

SOLUTION 1

function I = isinteger1(A)

%ISINTEGER1 Determines which elements of an array are integers.

% I = ISINTEGER1(A) returns a logical array, I, of the same size

% as A, with 1s (TRUE) in the locations corresponding to integers

% (i.e., . . . -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . )in A, and 0s (FALSE) elsewhere.

% A must be a numeric array.

% For use with Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, 2nd ed.

% Gatesmark Publishing, 2009.

% $Revision: 1.1 $ $Date: 2009/03/15 00:19:03 $

% Check the validity of A.

if ~isnumeric(A)

error('A must be a numeric array.');

end

Project Solutions Page 5

A = double(A);

I = A == floor(A);

SOLUTION 2

function I = isinteger2(A)

%ISINTEGER2 Determines which elements of an array are integers.

% I = ISINTEGER2(A) returns a logical array, I, of the same size

% as A, with 1s (TRUE) in the locations corresponding to integers

% (i.e., . . . -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . )in A, and 0s (FALSE) elsewhere.

% A must be a numeric array.

% For use with Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, 2nd ed.

% Gatesmark Publishing, 2009.

% $Revision: 1.1 $ $Date: 2009/03/15 00:19:03 $

% Check the validity of A.

if ~isnumeric(A)

error('A must be a numeric array.');

end

A = double(A);

I = isfinite(A) & (imag(A) == 0) & (A == floor(A));

SOLUTION 3

function I = isinteger3(A)

%ISINTEGER3 Determines which elements of an array are integers.

% I = ISINTEGER3(A) returns a logical array, I, of the same size

% as A, with 1s (TRUE) in the locations corresponding to integers

% (i.e., . . . -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . )in A, and 0s (FALSE) elsewhere.

% A must be a numeric array.

% For use with Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, 2nd ed.

% Gatesmark Publishing, 2009.

% $Revision: 1.1 $ $Date: 2009/03/15 00:19:04 $

% Check the validity of A.

if ~isnumeric(A)

error('A must be a numeric array.');

end

if isa(A, 'double')

I = isfinite(A) & (imag(A) == 0) & (A == floor(A));

elseif isa(A, 'single')

A = double(A);

I = isfinite(A) & (imag(A) == 0) & (A == floor(A));

else

% A must be one of the integer types, so we don't have to convert

% to double.

if isreal(A)

I = true(size(A));

else

I = imag(A) == 0;

end

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

PROJECT 2.2

MATLAB does not have a function to determine which elements of an array are even numbers (i.e., . . . 4, 2,

0, 2, 4 , . . .). Write a function for this purpose, with the following specifications:

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