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ASTM C1000.pdf
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ASTM C1000.pdf
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Designation: C 1000 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Uranium Isotopes in Soil by
Alpha Spectrometry
1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-
emitting uranium isotopes in soil. This test method describes
one acceptable approach to the determination of uranium
isotopes in soil.
2
1.2 The test method is designed to analyze 10 g of soil;
however, the sample size may be varied to 50 g depending on
the activity level. This test method may not be able to
completely dissolve all forms of uranium in the soil matrix.
Studies have indicated that the use of hydrofluoric acid to
dissolve soil has resulted in lower values than results using
total dissolution by fusion.
1.3 The lower limit of detection is dependent on count time,
sample size, detector efficiency, background, and tracer yield.
The chemical recovery averaged 78 % in a single laboratory
evaluation, and 66 % in an interlaboratory collaborative study.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
tionary statement is given in Section
10.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C 998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C 999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Deter-
mination of Radionuclides
C 1163 Test Method for Mounting Actinides for Alpha
Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C 1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
Alpha Spectrometry
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D 3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A soil sample with uranium-232 tracer added is heated
to destroy organic matter and dissolved with a mixture of
hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The uranium is coprecipitated
with ferric hydroxide and the precipitate is dissolved with
hydrochloric acid. Iron is removed by extraction with isopropyl
ether, and plutonium, radium, and thorium are separated from
uranium by anion exchange. Uranium is electrodeposited on a
stainless steel disk and determined by alpha spectrometry. As
an option, the uranium may be prepared for alpha spectromet-
ric measurement by using coprecipitation with neodymium
fluoride.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to analyze soil for alpha-
emitting uranium isotopes. It can be used to establish baseline
uranium levels and to monitor depositions from nuclear facili-
ties.
5. Interferences
5.1 Protactinium-231 may not be completely separated by
the procedure and could interfere with the determination of
uranium-233 or uranium-234 because it has the following
alpha energies in MeV: 5.06, 5.03, 5.01, 4.95 and 4.73 (see
Appendix X1). If neptunium is present in the sample in the plus
four oxidation state, it will co-elute with the uranium.
5.2 Since uranium-232 is added as a tracer, it can not be
determined in soil. Uranium-232 is rarely present in soil
samples. If present in significant quantities relative to the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 1000 – 00.
2
Casella, V. A., Bishop, C. T., and Glosby, A. A., “Radiometric Method for the
Determination of Uranium in Soil and Air,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-600/7-80-019, Las Vegas, NV, February 1980; and in Practices D 3084 and
D 3648.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Jul 25 12:19:29 EDT 2005
Copyright ASTM International
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM
Not for Resale
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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