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【最新版】 IEST STD-CC1246E 2013.pdf
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【最新版】 IEST STD-CC1246E 2013.pdf
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Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
IEST-STD-CC1246E
Contamination Control Division
Standard 1246E
Product Cleanliness Levels –
Applications, Requirements, and
Determination
Arlington Place One
2340 S. Arlington Heights Road, Suite 620
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-4510
Phone: (847) 981-0100 • Fax: (847) 981-4130
E-mail: information@iest.org • Web: www.iest.org
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2 © IEST 2013 All rights reserved Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology IEST-STD-CC1246E
This Standard is published by the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology to advance the technical and
engineering sciences. Use of this document is entirely voluntary, and determination of its applicability and suitabil-
ity for any particular use is solely the responsibility of the user. Use of this Recommended Practice does not imply
any warranty or endorsement by IEST.
This Standard was prepared by and is under the jurisdiction of Working Group 901 of the IEST Contamination Con-
trol Division.
Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
First printing, February 2013
ISBN 978-1-937280-08-6
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT: The Working Groups of the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Tech-
nology are continually working on improvements to their Recommended Practices and Reference Documents. Sug-
gestions from users of these documents are welcome. If you have a suggestion regarding this document, please use
the online Proposal for Improvement form found on the IEST website at www.iest.org.
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
Arlington Place One
2340 S. Arlington Heights Road, Suite 620
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-4510
Phone: (847) 981-0100 • Fax: (847) 981-4130
E-mail: information@iest.org • Web: www.iest.org
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© IEST 2013 All rights reserved Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology IEST-STD-CC1246E 3
Product Cleanliness Levels –
Applications, Requirements, and
Determination
IEST-STD-CC1246E
CONTENTS
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................................................4
SECTION
1 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS ..........................................................................................................................5
2 REFERENCES AND APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................5
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ..........................................................................................................................6
4 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................7
5 CLEANLINESS REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................7
6 MEASUREMENT OF CLEANLINESS ....................................................................................................... 11
7 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND REPORTING OF DATA .................................................................... 12
8 PROTECTION ................................................................................................................................................. 14
9 INSPECTION .................................................................................................................................................. 14
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................... 14
11 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................... 14
FIGURE
1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON A LOG–LOG
2
SCALE ..................................................................8
2 FORMAT AND EXAMPLE FOR SPECIFYING PRODUCT CLEANLINESS LEVELS .................... 10
TABLE
1 PARTICULATE CLEANLINESS LEVELS ...................................................................................................8
2 NONVOLATILE RESIDUE CLEANLINESS LEVELS ...............................................................................9
3 SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR SURFACES, LIQUIDS, AND GASES .. 11
4 STUDENT’S t FACTOR FOR 95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT ..................................................................... 13
A1 PARTICLE FALLOUT CLEANLINESS LEVELS .................................................................................... 15
A2 PARTICLE FALLOUT CLEANLINESS LEVEL PLUS INITIAL PARTICLE CLEANLINESS
LEVEL .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
B1 CALCULATING PARTICLE PERCENT AREA COVERAGE ............................................................... 16
D1 VISIBLY CLEAN CRITERIA ....................................................................................................................... 19
ANNEX
A PARTICLE FALLOUT SPECIFICATION .................................................................................................. 15
B PERCENT AREA COVERAGE OF PARTICLES ..................................................................................... 16
C OTHER PARTICLE COUNT SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 18
D VISIBLY CLEAN ........................................................................................................................................... 19
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4 © IEST 2013 All rights reserved Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology IEST-STD-CC1246E
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The establishment of contamination control practices became a necessity with the advent of World War II and the
ensuing mechanical wartime innovations. Two of the wartime inventions requiring high levels of cleanliness were
the Norden bombsight and the first navigational gyroscopes. Particles in the range of 20 to 50 µm would cause the
bombsight and the gyroscope to malfunction. Further degrees of refinement in equipment created the need for great-
er control of product cleanliness and ambient conditions. In 1956 the US government acquired an inertial guidance
system containing two floating gyros. The suspension system was highly dependent on contaminant-free fluid. It
was observed that contamination one-half the size of cigarette smoke particles could compromise the system, indi-
cating the degree of cleanliness control necessary in the development of that system.
Major improvements in the area of industrial contamination control and air filtration occurred during the late 1950s
and early 1960s. The development of improved techniques occurred as a result of manufacturing advances and the
introduction of extremely sophisticated electronic, electromechanical, electro-optical, and hydraulic equipment.
These devices required major improvements in cleanliness levels because the presence of microscopic particles
could result in the malfunction of a device, an entire system, or even the mission.
With the technological advancements that have followed, requirements for higher degrees of cleanliness have forced
contamination control efforts to keep pace through new developments and applications. The greatest impetus for
stricter requirements for contamination control has come from the microelectronics industry. The advent of solid-
state electronics and integrated circuits made it possible to produce chips containing hundreds of thousands of dis-
crete devices, each consisting of multiple component parts with specific functions, totaling perhaps millions of such
components per chip. Without the innovations in contamination control, the advances in low-cost computers, com-
munications, and a myriad of other uses of microelectronics would not have been possible.
The development of cleanliness standards for critical components was the direct result of satisfying the need for
common terminology and standardization. In 1962 a military standard was created to establish guidelines and re-
quirements for the specification of cleanliness levels essential to product reliability and quality. This document,
known as MIL-STD-1246, has been updated periodically in order to keep current with technological advances. Its
history is summarized as follows:
MIL-STD-1246 (MI) 19 December 1962
MIL-STD-1246A 18 August 1967
MIL-STD-1246B 4 September 1987
MIL-STD-1246C 11 April 1994
IEST-STD-CC1246D January 2002
The 1246C version was prepared for the US Army Missile Command by the Contamination Control Division of the
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST).
In 1997, the U.S. Army commissioned IEST to revise and adapt this military standard as an industry standard. Its
usefulness today extends far beyond military applications. This document is the resulting industry standard.
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