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IEC 61000-4-2

Edition 2.0 2008-12

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

NORME

INTERNATIONALE

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge

immunity test

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –

Partie 4-2: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Essai d'immunité aux décharges

électrostatiques

IEC 61000-4-2:2008

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.

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– 2 – 61000-4-2 © IEC:2008

CONTENTS

FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................6

1 Scope...............................................................................................................................7

2 Normative references .......................................................................................................7

3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................8

4 General ..........................................................................................................................10

5 Test levels......................................................................................................................10

6 Test generator................................................................................................................10

6.1 General .................................................................................................................10

6.2 Characteristics and performance of the ESD generator .........................................11

6.3 Verification of the ESD setup.................................................................................14

7 Test setup ......................................................................................................................15

7.1 Test equipment .....................................................................................................15

7.2 Test setup for tests performed in laboratories........................................................15

7.2.1 Test requirements......................................................................................15

7.2.2 Table-top equipment..................................................................................16

7.2.3 Floor-standing equipment ..........................................................................17

7.2.4 Ungrounded equipment .............................................................................18

7.3 Test setup for post-installation tests ......................................................................22

8 Test procedure ...............................................................................................................23

8.1 Laboratory reference conditions ............................................................................23

8.1.1 Environmental parameters.........................................................................23

8.1.2 Climatic conditions ....................................................................................23

8.1.3 Electromagnetic conditions........................................................................24

8.2 EUT exercising......................................................................................................24

8.3 Execution of the test..............................................................................................24

8.3.1 Discharges to the EUT...............................................................................24

8.3.2 Direct application of discharges to the EUT ...............................................24

8.3.3 Indirect application of the discharge ..........................................................26

9 Evaluation of test results ................................................................................................27

10 Test report......................................................................................................................27

Annex A (informative) Explanatory notes .............................................................................28

Annex B (normative) Calibration of the current measurement system and

measurement of discharge current........................................................................................

Annex C (informative) Example of a calibration target meeting the requirements

of Annex B............................................................................................................................

Annex D (informative) Radiated fields from human metal discharge and ESD

generators ............................................................................................................................

Annex E (informative) Measurement uncertainty (MU) considerations ..................................55

Annex F (informative) Variation in test results and escalation strategy.................................62

Bibliography..........................................................................................................................63

Figure 1 – Simplified diagram of the ESD generator..............................................................

Figure 2 – Ideal contact discharge current waveform at 4 kV ................................................13

Figure 3 – Discharge electrodes of the ESD generator..........................................................14

Figure 4 – Example of test set-up for table-top equipment, laboratory tests ..........................

Figure 5 – Example of test setup for floor-standing equipment, laboratory tests ....................18

Figure 6 – Example of a test setup for ungrounded table-top equipment ...............................20

Figure 7 – Example of a test setup for ungrounded floor-standing equipment........................21

Figure 8 – Example of test setup for floor-standing equipment, post-installation tests ...........23

Figure A.1 – Maximum values of electrostatic voltages to which operators may be

charged while in contact with the materials mentioned in Clause A.2 ....................................

Figure B.1 – Example of a target adapter line attached to current target ...............................34

Figure B.2 – Example of a front side of a current target ........................................................34

Figure B.3 – Example of measurement of the insertion loss of a current target-

attenuator-cable chain ..........................................................................................................

Figure B.4 – Circuit diagram to determine the low-frequency system transfer

impedance ............................................................................................................................

Figure B.5 – Typical arrangement for calibration of ESD generator performance...................38

Figure C.1 – Mechanical drawing of a coaxial target (drawing 1 of 5) ....................................40

Figure C.2 – Mechanical drawing of a coaxial target (drawing 2 of 5) ....................................41

Figure C.3 – Mechanical drawing of a coaxial target (drawing 3 of 5) ....................................42

Figure C.4 – Mechanical drawing of a coaxial target (drawing 4 of 5) ....................................43

Figure C.5 – Mechanical drawing of a coaxial target (drawing 5 of 5) ....................................44

Figure D.1 – Electric field of a real human, holding metal, charged at 5 kV measured

at 0,1 m distance and for an arc length of 0,7 mm.................................................................

Figure D.2 – Magnetic field of a real human, holding metal, charged at 5 kV, measured

at 0,1 m distance and for an arc length of approximately 0,5 mm ..........................................

Figure D.3 – Semi-circle loop on the ground plane................................................................49

Figure D.4 – Voltages induced in a semi-loop .......................................................................50

Figure D.5 – Example of test setup to measure radiated ESD fields......................................50

Figure D.6 – Comparison between measured (solid line) and calculated numerically

(dot line) voltage drop on the loop for a distance of 45 cm ....................................................

Figure D.7 – Comparison between calculated H field from measured data (solid line)

and H field calculated by numerical simulation (dotted line) for a distance of 45 cm.............

Figure D.8 – Structure illuminated by radiated fields and equivalent circuit ...........................53

Figure D.9 – Radiated H fields ..............................................................................................54

Table 1 – Test levels.............................................................................................................

Table 2 – General specifications...........................................................................................12

Table 3 – Contact discharge current waveform parameters ...................................................12

Table 4 – Cases for application of ESD on connectors..........................................................25

Table A.1 – Guideline for the selection of the test levels .......................................................30

Table B.1 – Contact discharge calibration procedure ............................................................37

Table E.1 – Example of uncertainty budget for ESD rise time calibration ..............................59

Table E.2 – Example of uncertainty budget for ESD peak current calibration ........................60

Table E.3 – Example of uncertainty budget for ESD I

, I

calibration................................61

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