IB M
®
DB2
Universal
Database
™
SQL
Reference
Volu me
1
Ve r s i o n
8.2
SC09-4844-01
IB M
®
DB2
Universal
Database
™
SQL
Reference
Volu me
1
Ve r s i o n
8.2
SC09-4844-01
Before
using
this
information
and
the
product
it
supports,
be
sure
to
read
the
general
information
under
Notices.
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contains
proprietary
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of
IBM.
It
is
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is
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The
information
contained
in
this
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does
not
include
any
product
warranties,
and
any
statements
provided
in
this
manual
should
not
be
interpreted
as
such.
You
can
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IBM
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or
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IBM
representative.
v
To
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go
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v
To
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go
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Contacts
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To
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Marketing
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Sales
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When
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©
Copyright
International
Business
Machines
Corporation
1993
-
2004.
All
rights
reserved.
US
Government
Users
Restricted
Rights
–
Use,
duplication
or
disclosure
restricted
by
GSA
ADP
Schedule
Contract
with
IBM
Corp.
Contents
About
this
book
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.ix
Who
should
use
this
book
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.ix
How
this
book
is
structured
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.ix
A
brief
overview
of
Volume
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.x
How
to
read
the
syntax
diagrams
.
.
.
.
.
.
.x
Common
syntax
elements
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xii
Function
designator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xii
Method
designator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xiii
Procedure
designator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.xv
Conventions
used
in
this
manual
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xvi
Error
conditions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xvi
Highlighting
conventions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xvi
Related
documentation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. xvii
Chapter
1.
Concepts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.1
Relational
databases
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.1
Structured
Query
Language
(SQL)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.1
Privileges,
authority
levels,
and
database
authorities
1
Schemas
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.5
Tables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.6
Views
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.7
Aliases
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.7
Indexes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.8
Keys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.8
Constraints
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.8
Unique
constraints
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.9
Referential
constraints
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.9
Table
check
constraints
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.12
Informational
constraints
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.13
Isolation
levels
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.13
Comparison
of
isolation
levels
.
.
.
.
.
.
.15
Queries
and
table
expressions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.16
Application
processes,
concurrency,
and
recovery
.
.16
DB2
Call
level
interface
(CLI)
and
open
database
connectivity
(ODBC)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.18
Java
database
connectivity
(JDBC)
and
embedded
SQL
for
Java
(SQLJ)
programs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.19
Packages
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.19
Catalog
views
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.19
Character
conversion
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.20
Event
monitors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.22
Triggers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.23
Table
spaces
and
other
storage
structures
.
.
.
.24
Data
partitioning
across
multiple
partitions
.
.
.
.26
Distributed
relational
databases
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.27
Remote
unit
of
work
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.28
Application-directed
distributed
unit
of
work
.
.31
Data
representation
considerations
.
.
.
.
.
.35
DB2
federated
systems
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.35
Federated
systems
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.35
The
federated
server
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.36
What
is
a
data
source?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.37
Supported
data
sources
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.37
The
federated
database
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.39
The
federated
database
system
catalog
.
.
.
.40
The
SQL
Compiler
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.41
The
query
optimizer
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.41
Compensation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.42
Pass-through
sessions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.43
Wrappers
and
wrapper
modules
.
.
.
.
.
.44
Default
wrapper
names
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.45
Server
definitions
and
server
options
.
.
.
.
.46
User
mappings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.46
Nicknames
and
data
source
objects
.
.
.
.
.47
Valid
data
source
objects
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.47
Nickname
column
options
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.48
Data
type
mappings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.49
Function
mappings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.50
Index
specifications
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.50
Collating
sequences
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.51
Chapter
2.
Language
elements
.
.
.
.55
Characters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.55
Tokens
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.57
Identifiers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.58
Naming
conventions
and
implicit
object
name
qualifications
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.58
Aliases
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.62
Authorization
IDs
and
authorization
names
.
.63
Column
names
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.66
References
to
host
variables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.72
Data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.79
Data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.79
Numbers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.80
Character
strings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.81
Graphic
strings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.82
Binary
strings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.83
Large
objects
(LOBs)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.84
Datetime
values
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.85
DATALINK
values
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.88
XML
values
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.90
User-defined
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.91
Promotion
of
data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.94
Casting
between
data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.96
Assignments
and
comparisons
.
.
.
.
.
.
.99
Rules
for
result
data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.113
Rules
for
string
conversions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.117
Partition-compatible
data
types
.
.
.
.
.
.119
Constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 121
Integer
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 121
Floating-point
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 121
Decimal
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 122
Character
string
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 122
Hexadecimal
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 122
Graphic
string
constants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 123
Special
registers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 124
Special
registers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 124
CURRENT
CLIENT_ACCTNG
.
.
.
.
.
. 126
CURRENT
CLIENT_APPLNAME
.
.
.
.
. 127
CURRENT
CLIENT_USERID
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 128
©
Copyright
IBM
Corp.
1993
-
2004
iii
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