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lecture21-140624
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Lecture 21 – Output Amplifiers (6/24/14) Page 21-1
CMOS Analog Circuit Design © P.E. Allen - 2016
LECTURE 21 – OUTPUT AMPLIFIERS
LECTURE ORGANIZATION
Outline
• Introduction
• Class A Amplifiers
• Push-Pull Amplifiers
• Bipolar Junction Transistor Output Amplifiers
• Using Negative Feedback to Reduce the Output Resistance
• Summary
CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 3
rd
Edition Reference
Pages 236-247
Lecture 21 – Output Amplifiers (6/24/14) Page 21-2
CMOS Analog Circuit Design © P.E. Allen - 2016
INTRODUCTION
General Considerations of Output Amplifiers
f
1
(v
IN
)
f
2
(v
IN
)
i
1
i
2
R
L
v
OUT
V
DD
V
SS
Buffer
v
IN
i
OUT
+
-
i
1
i
2
=I
Q
i
OUT
t
Current
i
OUT
t
Current
i
1
i
2
i
OUT
t
Current
i
1
i
2
Class A
Class AB
Class B
Fig. 5.5-005
Requirements:
1.) Provide sufficient output power in the form of
voltage or current.
2.) Avoid signal distortion.
3.) Be efficient
4.) Provide protection from abnormal conditions
(short circuit, over temperature, etc.)
Types of Output Amplifiers:
1.) Class A amplifiers
2.) Source followers
3.) Push-pull amplifiers
4.) Substrate BJT amplifiers
5.) Amplifiers using negative
shunt feedback
Lecture 21 – Output Amplifiers (6/24/14) Page 21-3
CMOS Analog Circuit Design © P.E. Allen - 2016
Output Current Requirements for an Output Amplifier
Consider the current requirements placed by the load on the output amplifier:
Result:
|i
OUT
| > C
L
·SR
|i
OUT
| >
v
OUT
(peak)
R
L
Fortunately, the maximum current for the resistor and capacitor do not occur at the same
time.
Output
Amplifier
+
v
OUT
-
C
L
R
L
i
OUT
070422-01
I
max
due to R
L
I
max
due to R
L
I
max
due to C
L
v
OUT
t
Lecture 21 – Output Amplifiers (6/24/14) Page 21-4
CMOS Analog Circuit Design © P.E. Allen - 2016
Output Resistance Requirements for an Output Amplifier
In order to avoid attenuation of the amplifier voltage signal, the output resistance of the
amplifier must be less than the load resistance.
To avoid attenuation of the amplifier voltage signal, R
out
<< R
L
.
Output
Amplifier
+
-
R
L
v
OUT
070422-02
t
R
out
v
OA
v
OA
(t)
v
OA
(t)
Volts
v
OUT
(t) =
R
L
R
L
+R
out
v
IN
Lecture 21 – Output Amplifiers (6/24/14) Page 21-5
CMOS Analog Circuit Design © P.E. Allen - 2016
Separation of the Amplifier Bias from the Load Resistance
Unfortunately, when a low load resistance is connected to the output of an amplifier, the
bias conditions can be changed.
Solution:
1.) Use a coupling capacitance for singled-ended power supplies.
2.) Redefine the output analog ground as (V
DD
/2).
3.) Use dc coupling for split power supplies.
V
DD
V
BP1
v
OUT
v
IN
I
Q
R
L
Loss of bias
current
through R
L
070422-03
V
DD
V
BP1
v
OUT
v
IN
I
Q
R
L
070422-04
V
DD
V
BP1
v
OUT
v
IN
I
Q
R
L
V
SS
0V
I
DC
= 0
V
DD
V
BP1
v
OUT
v
IN
I
Q
R
L
0.5V
DD
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