【达标练习】部分主要涉及了词汇的正确形式填空、选择合适的代词（who, whom, which）完成句子以及用定语从句翻译汉语句子，这些都是小学阶段英语学习的重要知识点。
1. "It is _______to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you." 这句话的意思是，在别人说话时背对着他们是不礼貌的。因此，空白处应填入形容词"polite"的反义词"impolite"。
2. "She sat down and _______the newspaper." 她坐下来并折叠了报纸。这里应填入动词"fold"的过去式"folded"。
3. "I found it _______to get there by bus in time because the bridge had been washed away." 我发现乘公交车及时到达那里是不可能的，因为桥被冲毁了。所以应该填入形容词"possible"的否定形式"impossible"。
4. "The actor was almost ______before he played a role in that film." 这位演员在出演那部电影之前几乎不为人知。因此，填入形容词"known"的否定形式"unknown"。
5. "Turn the following questions into _____speech." 将以下问题转换为直接引语。"direct"在这里表示直接的，所以填入"direct"。
6. "Scientists are now trying to ______ if this is possible." 科学家们现在正在尝试确认这是否可能。此处填入动词"know"的适当形式，"try to know"表示"试图了解"，所以填入"know"。
7. "He has bought an ______ taxi and has begun a new job." 他买了一辆出租车，开始了新工作。这里形容词"usual"的适当形式修饰"taxi"，填入"used"，表示"二手的"。
8. "The number thirteen is often thought to be ___. 十三这个数字经常被认为是不吉利的。填入形容词"unlucky"。
9. "Talking loudly while eating is a kind of _____ behaviors." 吃饭时大声说话是一种不礼貌的行为。填入形容词"impolite"。
10. "They are _____children because they don’t get good food and fresh air." 他们是很不幸的孩子，因为他们得不到好的食物和新鲜空气。填入形容词"unlucky"。
在【达标练习】的第二部分，主要是考察关系代词who, whom, which的使用，这些都是构成定语从句的关键元素。例如：
11. "My brother, _____ you met the other day, has gone abroad." 这里用"whom"指代"you met"的人，即"my brother"。
12. "The river, _____flows through London, is called the Thames." 用"which"指代"flows through London"的河流。
13. "He changed his mind, ____ made me very angry." 使用"which"引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
14. "The foreign teachers, most of ____have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much." "most of whom"引导非限定性定语从句，指代"foreign teachers"。
15. "George, ____ lives in Scotland, came late." "who"指代"George"。
16. "We went to see this famous singer, about ____ we had heard many of his stories." "whom"在此处引导非限定性定语从句，指代"singer"。
17. "European football is played in 80 countries, _____ makes it the most popular sport in the world." "which"引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。
18. "My cousin, _____is a painter, is in Japan at present." "who"指代"my cousin"。
19. "This story is written by Mark Twain, _____ you have heard of." "whom"指代"Mark Twain"。
20. "Football, ____is a very interesting game, is played all over the world." "which"指代"football"。
第三部分的定语从句翻译练习，主要目的是让学生掌握如何用英语表达复杂的句子结构，如：
21. "The man in the black coat, (以前是我们的校长), has just come back from America." 可以翻译为"The man in the black coat, who used to be our headmaster, has just come back from America."
22. "The bus (常送孩子们上学的) is owned by the company." 可以翻译为"The bus which usually takes the children to school is owned by the company."
23. "The woman (昨天下午你在我办公室见到的) is a famous scientist." 可以翻译为"The woman whom you met in my office yesterday afternoon is a famous scientist."
24. "We shall visit the school (你爸爸工作多年的)." 可以翻译为"We shall visit the school where your father worked for many years."
25. "I remember the day (我第一次来这个学校)." 可以翻译为"I remember the day when I first came to this school."
26. "She is a famous singer (她的歌大家都熟悉)." 可以翻译为"She is a famous singer whose songs are well-known to everyone."
以上内容详细解析了小学英语教学中的语言点，包括词汇的应用、关系代词的使用以及定语从句的构造，这些都是小学英语教育中的重要组成部分，旨在提升学生的语言理解和表达能力。
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