没有合适的资源？快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
H.264-MPEG4-AVC-Version8-FinalDraft
需积分: 1 4 下载量 164 浏览量
2009-05-25
10:27:49
上传
评论
收藏 3.64MB PDF 举报
温馨提示
### H.264-MPEG4-AVC-Version8-FinalDraft 关键知识点解析 #### 标题：H.264-MPEG4-AVC-Version8-FinalDraft **H.264** 或 **MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding)** 是一种广泛应用于视频压缩的标准。Version8 Final Draft 指的是该标准的一个具体版本，于2007年发布。此版本对视频编码标准进行了重要的更新和完善。 #### 描述：H.264-MPEG4-AVC-Version8-FinalDraft 特点及改进 1. **简表增加**：此版本增加了四个新的简表，分别为： - 高级 (High Profile) - 高级 10 (High 10 Profile) - 高级 4:2:2 (High 4:2:2 Profile) - 高级 4:4:4 (High 4:4:4 Profile) 这些新增的简表显著提高了视频质量，并扩展了标准的应用范围。例如，通过支持更大的图像样本精度和更高的色度格式，使得标准能够适应更广泛的视频应用需求。 2. **补充数据类型**：新版本定义了额外的补充数据类型，进一步增强了标准的适用性。这有助于更好地处理视频数据，特别是在需要额外元数据的情况下。 3. **错误修正**：对早期版本中的若干错误进行了修正，提高了标准的稳定性和可靠性。 4. **技术一致性**：此版本不仅增强了视频编码的能力，还确保与 ISO/IEC 14496-10 标准的技术一致性，后者是联合研发的另一个重要视频编码标准。 #### 标签：H.264 **H.264** 是一个高效的视频压缩标准，被广泛应用于各种视频传输场景，包括但不限于互联网视频、数字电视广播、蓝光光盘等。它的高效压缩能力使其成为视频编码领域的领先标准之一。 #### 部分内容分析 根据提供的文档片段，我们可以了解到以下信息： 1. **文件来源**：文档由 Joint Video Team (JVT) 编写，该团队是 ISO/IEC MPEG 和 ITU-T VCEG 的联合组织。 2. **会议信息**：文档是在2007年6月29日至7月5日于瑞士日内瓦举行的第24次会议上产生的。 3. **编辑人员**：文档由 Thomas Wiegand、Gary Sullivan、Julien Reichel、Heiko Schwarz 和 Mathias Wien 等人共同编辑。 4. **目的**：文档旨在描述联合草案 ITU-T Rec.H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10/Amd.3 Scalable Video Coding。 5. **内容概览**： - **前言**：提供了关于文档的背景信息。 - **引言**： - **序言**：介绍了视频编码标准的基本情况。 - **目的**：阐述了文档的目的。 - **应用**：概述了标准的应用领域。 - **版本说明**：描述了文档的出版和版本信息。 - **简介**：介绍了标准的基本设计特性，包括预测编码、进度视频和交错视频的编码、图像分割成宏块和更小分区的方法、空间冗余减少等方面的内容。 - **阅读指南**：指导读者如何理解文档结构。 - **范围**：规定了标准的适用范围。 - **规范参考**：列出了文档所依据的标准和规范。 - **定义**：给出了文档中使用的术语和定义。 - **缩写词**：解释了文档中出现的缩写词。 - **约定**：详细说明了文档中使用的符号和约定。 - **源数据、编码数据、解码数据和输出数据格式、扫描过程和邻域关系**：这部分内容将详细介绍标准中涉及的各种数据格式和处理流程。 H.264-MPEG4-AVC-Version8-FinalDraft 不仅在技术上进行了一系列重要的改进和扩展，而且在文档编写方面也力求清晰、详尽地描述了各项技术和规范。这对于推动视频编码技术的发展以及确保不同系统之间的兼容性具有重要意义。
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
File: JVT-X201.doc
Page: 1 Date Saved: 2007-10-26
Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG
(ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6)
24th Meeting: Geneva, Switzerland, 29 June – 5 July, 2007
Document: JVT-X201
Filename: JVT-X201.doc
Title: Joint Draft ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 / Amd.3 Scalable video coding
Status:
Output Document of JVT
Purpose:
Text
Editor(s) /
Contact(s):
Thomas Wiegand
Heinrich Hertz Institute (FhG),
Einsteinufer 37,
D-10587 Berlin, Germany
Gary Sullivan
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052 USA
Julien Reichel
SpinetiX SA
PSE-C,
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Heiko Schwarz
Heinrich Hertz Institute (FhG),
Einsteinufer 37,
D-10587 Berlin, Germany
Mathias Wien
Institut für Nachrichtentechnik,
RWTH Aachen University,
D-52056 Aachen, Germany
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
+49 (30) 31002-617
+49 (30) 39272-00
wiegand@hhi.de
+1 (425) 703-5308
+1 (425) 706-7329
garysull@microsoft.com
+41 (21) 693-8981
+41 (21) 693-8981
reichel@ieee.org
+49 (30) 31002-226
+49 (30) 39272-00
heiko.schwarz@hhi.fhg.de
+49 (241) 80-27683
+49 (241) 80-22196
wien@ient.rwth-aachen.de
Source:
JVT
_____________________________
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................................18
0
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................19
0.1
Prologue .............................................................................................................................................................19
0.2
Purpose...............................................................................................................................................................19
0.3
Applications........................................................................................................................................................19
0.4
Publication and versions of this specification ....................................................................................................19
0.5
Profiles and levels...............................................................................................................................................20
0.6
Overview of the design characteristics ...............................................................................................................20
0.6.1
Predictive coding ......................................................................................................................................21
0.6.2
Coding of progressive and interlaced video..............................................................................................21
0.6.3
Picture partitioning into macroblocks and smaller partitions....................................................................21
0.6.4
Spatial redundancy reduction....................................................................................................................22
0.7
How to read this specification ............................................................................................................................22
1
Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................22
2
Normative references..............................................................................................................................................22
3
Definitions................................................................................................................................................................23
4
Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................31
5
Conventions.............................................................................................................................................................31
5.1
Arithmetic operators...........................................................................................................................................31
5.2
Logical operators................................................................................................................................................32
5.3
Relational operators ...........................................................................................................................................32
5.4
Bit-wise operators...............................................................................................................................................32
5.5
Assignment operators .........................................................................................................................................32
5.6
Range notation....................................................................................................................................................33
5.7
Mathematical functions.......................................................................................................................................33
5.8
Variables, syntax elements, and tables ...............................................................................................................34
5.9
Text description of logical operations ................................................................................................................34
5.10
Processes ............................................................................................................................................................35
6
Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships........36
6.1
Bitstream formats................................................................................................................................................36
6.2
Source, decoded, and output picture formats......................................................................................................36
6.3
Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices ...........................................................................................................41
6.4
Inverse scanning processes and derivation processes for neighbours................................................................42
6.4.1
Inverse macroblock scanning process.......................................................................................................42
6.4.2
Inverse macroblock partition and sub-macroblock partition scanning process.........................................43
6.4.2.1
Inverse macroblock partition scanning process ....................................................................................44
6.4.2.2
Inverse sub-macroblock partition scanning process..............................................................................44
6.4.3
Inverse 4x4 luma block scanning process.................................................................................................45
6.4.4
Inverse 4x4 Cb or Cr block scanning process for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 .....................................45
6.4.5
Inverse 8x8 luma block scanning process.................................................................................................45
6.4.6
Inverse 8x8 Cb or Cr block scanning process for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 .....................................46
6.4.7
Derivation process of the availability for macroblock addresses..............................................................46
6.4.8
Derivation process for neighbouring macroblock addresses and their availability...................................46
6.4.9
Derivation process for neighbouring macroblock addresses and their availability in MBAFF frames.....47
6.4.10
Derivation processes for neighbouring macroblocks, blocks, and partitions............................................47
6.4.10.1
Derivation process for neighbouring macroblocks..............................................................................48
6.4.10.2
Derivation process for neighbouring 8x8 luma block .........................................................................48
6.4.10.3
Derivation process for neighbouring 8x8 chroma blocks for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 ..............49
6.4.10.4
Derivation process for neighbouring 4x4 luma blocks........................................................................49
6.4.10.5
Derivation process for neighbouring 4x4 chroma blocks....................................................................50
6.4.10.6
Derivation process for neighbouring 4x4 chroma blocks for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 ..............50
6.4.10.7
Derivation process for neighbouring partitions...................................................................................50
6.4.11
Derivation process for neighbouring locations .........................................................................................52
6.4.11.1
Specification for neighbouring locations in fields and non-MBAFF frames ......................................52
6.4.11.2
Specification for neighbouring locations in MBAFF frames ..............................................................53
7
Syntax and semantics .............................................................................................................................................55
File: JVT-X201.doc
Page: 3 Date Saved: 2007-10-26
7.1
Method of specifying syntax in tabular form.......................................................................................................55
7.2
Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors ...........................................................................56
7.3
Syntax in tabular form ........................................................................................................................................57
7.3.1
NAL unit syntax........................................................................................................................................57
7.3.2
Raw byte sequence payloads and RBSP trailing bits syntax.....................................................................57
7.3.2.1
Sequence parameter set RBSP syntax...................................................................................................57
7.3.2.1.1
Sequence parameter set data syntax...............................................................................................58
7.3.2.1.1.1
Scaling list syntax ...................................................................................................................59
7.3.2.1.2
Sequence parameter set extension RBSP syntax............................................................................59
7.3.2.2
Picture parameter set RBSP syntax.......................................................................................................60
7.3.2.3
Supplemental enhancement information RBSP syntax.........................................................................61
7.3.2.3.1
Supplemental enhancement information message syntax ..............................................................61
7.3.2.4
Access unit delimiter RBSP syntax.......................................................................................................61
7.3.2.5
End of sequence RBSP syntax..............................................................................................................62
7.3.2.6
End of stream RBSP syntax..................................................................................................................62
7.3.2.7
Filler data RBSP syntax........................................................................................................................62
7.3.2.8
Slice layer without partitioning RBSP syntax.......................................................................................62
7.3.2.9
Slice data partition RBSP syntax ..........................................................................................................62
7.3.2.9.1
Slice data partition A RBSP syntax................................................................................................62
7.3.2.9.2
Slice data partition B RBSP syntax................................................................................................63
7.3.2.9.3
Slice data partition C RBSP syntax................................................................................................63
7.3.2.10
RBSP slice trailing bits syntax............................................................................................................63
7.3.2.11
RBSP trailing bits syntax ....................................................................................................................63
7.3.3
Slice header syntax ...................................................................................................................................64
7.3.3.1
Reference picture list reordering syntax ...............................................................................................65
7.3.3.2
Prediction weight table syntax ..............................................................................................................66
7.3.3.3
Decoded reference picture marking syntax...........................................................................................67
7.3.4
Slice data syntax .......................................................................................................................................68
7.3.5
Macroblock layer syntax...........................................................................................................................69
7.3.5.1
Macroblock prediction syntax...............................................................................................................70
7.3.5.2
Sub-macroblock prediction syntax........................................................................................................71
7.3.5.3
Residual data syntax .............................................................................................................................72
7.3.5.3.1
Residual luma syntax .....................................................................................................................73
7.3.5.3.2
Residual block CAVLC syntax......................................................................................................74
7.3.5.3.3
Residual block CABAC syntax......................................................................................................75
7.4
Semantics ............................................................................................................................................................75
7.4.1
NAL unit semantics ..................................................................................................................................76
7.4.1.1
Encapsulation of an SODB within an RBSP (informative) ..................................................................79
7.4.1.2
Order of NAL units and association to coded pictures, access units, and video sequences..................79
7.4.1.2.1
Order of sequence and picture parameter set RBSPs and their activation......................................79
7.4.1.2.2
Order of access units and association to coded video sequences ...................................................80
7.4.1.2.3
Order of NAL units and coded pictures and association to access units ........................................81
7.4.1.2.4
Detection of the first VCL NAL unit of a primary coded picture ..................................................83
7.4.1.2.5
Order of VCL NAL units and association to coded pictures..........................................................84
7.4.2
Raw byte sequence payloads and RBSP trailing bits semantics ...............................................................85
7.4.2.1
Sequence parameter set RBSP semantics..............................................................................................85
7.4.2.1.1
Sequence parameter set data semantics..........................................................................................85
7.4.2.1.1.1
Scaling list semantics ..............................................................................................................91
7.4.2.1.2
Sequence parameter set extension RBSP semantics.......................................................................91
7.4.2.2
Picture parameter set RBSP semantics .................................................................................................93
7.4.2.3
Supplemental enhancement information RBSP semantics ...................................................................95
7.4.2.3.1
Supplemental enhancement information message semantics.........................................................96
7.4.2.4
Access unit delimiter RBSP semantics .................................................................................................96
7.4.2.5
End of sequence RBSP semantics.........................................................................................................96
7.4.2.6
End of stream RBSP semantics.............................................................................................................96
7.4.2.7
Filler data RBSP semantics...................................................................................................................96
7.4.2.8
Slice layer without partitioning RBSP semantics .................................................................................96
7.4.2.9
Slice data partition RBSP semantics.....................................................................................................96
7.4.2.9.1
Slice data partition A RBSP semantics ..........................................................................................96
7.4.2.9.2
Slice data partition B RBSP semantics...........................................................................................97
7.4.2.9.3
Slice data partition C RBSP semantics...........................................................................................97
7.4.2.10
RBSP slice trailing bits semantics.......................................................................................................98
7.4.2.11
RBSP trailing bits semantics...............................................................................................................98
7.4.3
Slice header semantics..............................................................................................................................98
7.4.3.1
Reference picture list reordering semantics ........................................................................................104
7.4.3.2
Prediction weight table semantics.......................................................................................................105
7.4.3.3
Decoded reference picture marking semantics....................................................................................105
7.4.4
Slice data semantics................................................................................................................................108
7.4.5
Macroblock layer semantics ...................................................................................................................109
7.4.5.1
Macroblock prediction semantics .......................................................................................................117
7.4.5.2
Sub-macroblock prediction semantics ................................................................................................117
7.4.5.3
Residual data semantics ......................................................................................................................120
7.4.5.3.1
Residual luma data semantics ......................................................................................................120
7.4.5.3.2
Residual block CAVLC semantics...............................................................................................121
7.4.5.3.3
Residual block CABAC semantics...............................................................................................121
8
Decoding process...................................................................................................................................................122
8.1
NAL unit decoding process...............................................................................................................................123
8.2
Slice decoding process......................................................................................................................................124
8.2.1
Decoding process for picture order count...............................................................................................124
8.2.1.1
Decoding process for picture order count type 0 ................................................................................125
8.2.1.2
Decoding process for picture order count type 1 ................................................................................126
8.2.1.3
Decoding process for picture order count type 2 ................................................................................127
8.2.2
Decoding process for macroblock to slice group map ............................................................................128
8.2.2.1
Specification for interleaved slice group map type.............................................................................129
8.2.2.2
Specification for dispersed slice group map type................................................................................129
8.2.2.3
Specification for foreground with left-over slice group map type ......................................................130
8.2.2.4
Specification for box-out slice group map types.................................................................................130
8.2.2.5
Specification for raster scan slice group map types ............................................................................131
8.2.2.6
Specification for wipe slice group map types .....................................................................................131
8.2.2.7
Specification for explicit slice group map type...................................................................................131
8.2.2.8
Specification for conversion of map unit to slice group map to macroblock to slice group map .......131
8.2.3
Decoding process for slice data partitioning...........................................................................................131
8.2.4
Decoding process for reference picture lists construction.......................................................................132
8.2.4.1
Decoding process for picture numbers................................................................................................132
8.2.4.2
Initialisation process for reference picture lists...................................................................................133
8.2.4.2.1
Initialisation process for the reference picture list for P and SP slices in frames.........................134
8.2.4.2.2
Initialisation process for the reference picture list for P and SP slices in fields...........................134
8.2.4.2.3
Initialisation process for reference picture lists for B slices in frames.........................................135
8.2.4.2.4
Initialisation process for reference picture lists for B slices in fields...........................................135
8.2.4.2.5
Initialisation process for reference picture lists in fields..............................................................136
8.2.4.3
Reordering process for reference picture lists.....................................................................................136
8.2.4.3.1
Reordering process of reference picture lists for short-term reference pictures...........................137
8.2.4.3.2
Reordering process of reference picture lists for long-term reference pictures............................138
8.2.5
Decoded reference picture marking process ...........................................................................................138
8.2.5.1
Sequence of operations for decoded reference picture marking process.............................................139
8.2.5.2
Decoding process for gaps in frame_num...........................................................................................139
8.2.5.3
Sliding window decoded reference picture marking process..............................................................140
8.2.5.4
Adaptive memory control decoded reference picture marking process ..............................................140
8.2.5.4.1
Marking process of a short-term reference picture as “unused for reference” .............................140
8.2.5.4.2
Marking process of a long-term reference picture as “unused for reference” ..............................141
8.2.5.4.3
Assignment process of a LongTermFrameIdx to a short-term reference picture .........................141
8.2.5.4.4
Decoding process for MaxLongTermFrameIdx...........................................................................141
8.2.5.4.4.1
Marking process of all reference pictures as “unused for reference” and setting
MaxLongTermFrameIdx to “no long-term frame indices”.........................................................................141
8.2.5.4.5
Process for assigning a long-term frame index to the current picture ..........................................142
8.3
Intra prediction process....................................................................................................................................142
8.3.1
Intra_4x4 prediction process for luma samples.......................................................................................143
8.3.1.1
Derivation process for the Intra4x4PredMode....................................................................................143
8.3.1.2
Intra_4x4 sample prediction................................................................................................................145
8.3.1.2.1
Specification of Intra_4x4_Vertical prediction mode ..................................................................146
8.3.1.2.2
Specification of Intra_4x4_Horizontal prediction mode..............................................................146
8.3.1.2.3
Specification of Intra_4x4_DC prediction mode .........................................................................146
8.3.1.2.4
Specification of Intra_4x4_Diagonal_Down_Left prediction mode ............................................146
8.3.1.2.5
Specification of Intra_4x4_Diagonal_Down_Right prediction mode..........................................147
8.3.1.2.6
Specification of Intra_4x4_Vertical_Right prediction mode .......................................................147
8.3.1.2.7
Specification of Intra_4x4_Horizontal_Down prediction mode ..................................................148
File: JVT-X201.doc
Page: 5 Date Saved: 2007-10-26
8.3.1.2.8
Specification of Intra_4x4_Vertical_Left prediction mode..........................................................148
8.3.1.2.9
Specification of Intra_4x4_Horizontal_Up prediction mode .......................................................148
8.3.2
Intra_8x8 prediction process for luma samples.......................................................................................149
8.3.2.1
Derivation process for Intra8x8PredMode..........................................................................................149
8.3.2.2
Intra_8x8 sample prediction................................................................................................................151
8.3.2.2.1
Reference sample filtering process for Intra_8x8 sample prediction ...........................................152
8.3.2.2.2
Specification of Intra_8x8_Vertical prediction mode ..................................................................153
8.3.2.2.3
Specification of Intra_8x8_Horizontal prediction mode..............................................................153
8.3.2.2.4
Specification of Intra_8x8_DC prediction mode .........................................................................153
8.3.2.2.5
Specification of Intra_8x8_Diagonal_Down_Left prediction mode ............................................154
8.3.2.2.6
Specification of Intra_8x8_Diagonal_Down_Right prediction mode..........................................154
8.3.2.2.7
Specification of Intra_8x8_Vertical_Right prediction mode .......................................................155
8.3.2.2.8
Specification of Intra_8x8_Horizontal_Down prediction mode ..................................................155
8.3.2.2.9
Specification of Intra_8x8_Vertical_Left prediction mode..........................................................155
8.3.2.2.10
Specification of Intra_8x8_Horizontal_Up prediction mode .....................................................156
8.3.3
Intra_16x16 prediction process for luma samples...................................................................................156
8.3.3.1
Specification of Intra_16x16_Vertical prediction mode.....................................................................157
8.3.3.2
Specification of Intra_16x16_Horizontal prediction mode.................................................................157
8.3.3.3
Specification of Intra_16x16_DC prediction mode ............................................................................157
8.3.3.4
Specification of Intra_16x16_Plane prediction mode.........................................................................158
8.3.4
Intra prediction process for chroma samples ..........................................................................................158
8.3.4.1
Specification of Intra_Chroma_DC prediction mode .........................................................................160
8.3.4.2
Specification of Intra_Chroma_Horizontal prediction mode..............................................................161
8.3.4.3
Specification of Intra_Chroma_Vertical prediction mode ..................................................................161
8.3.4.4
Specification of Intra_Chroma_Plane prediction mode......................................................................161
8.3.4.5
Intra prediction for chroma samples with ChromaArrayType equal to 3............................................162
8.3.5
Sample construction process for I_PCM macroblocks ...........................................................................163
8.4
Inter prediction process....................................................................................................................................163
8.4.1
Derivation process for motion vector components and reference indices...............................................165
8.4.1.1
Derivation process for luma motion vectors for skipped macroblocks in P and SP slices..................166
8.4.1.2
Derivation process for luma motion vectors for B_Skip, B_Direct_16x16, and B_Direct_8x8.........167
8.4.1.2.1
Derivation process for the co-located 4x4 sub-macroblock partitions .........................................167
8.4.1.2.2
Derivation process for spatial direct luma motion vector and reference index prediction mode .170
8.4.1.2.3
Derivation process for temporal direct luma motion vector and reference index prediction mode
171
8.4.1.3
Derivation process for luma motion vector prediction........................................................................174
8.4.1.3.1
Derivation process for median luma motion vector prediction ....................................................175
8.4.1.3.2
Derivation process for motion data of neighbouring partitions....................................................176
8.4.1.4
Derivation process for chroma motion vectors ................................................................................... 177
8.4.2
Decoding process for Inter prediction samples.......................................................................................177
8.4.2.1
Reference picture selection process ....................................................................................................178
8.4.2.2
Fractional sample interpolation process..............................................................................................179
8.4.2.2.1
Luma sample interpolation process..............................................................................................180
8.4.2.2.2
Chroma sample interpolation process ..........................................................................................183
8.4.2.3
Weighted sample prediction process...................................................................................................184
8.4.2.3.1
Default weighted sample prediction process................................................................................185
8.4.2.3.2
Weighted sample prediction process............................................................................................185
8.4.3
Derivation process for prediction weights ..............................................................................................186
8.5
Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process.188
8.5.1
Specification of transform decoding process for 4x4 luma residual blocks............................................188
8.5.2
Specification of transform decoding process for luma samples of Intra_16x16 macroblock prediction
mode 189
8.5.3
Specification of transform decoding process for 8x8 luma residual blocks............................................190
8.5.4
Specification of transform decoding process for chroma samples..........................................................190
8.5.5
Specification of transform decoding process for chroma samples with ChromaArrayType equal to 3..192
8.5.6
Inverse scanning process for transform coefficients...............................................................................192
8.5.7
Inverse scanning process for 8x8 transform coefficients........................................................................193
8.5.8
Derivation process for the chroma quantisation parameters and scaling function..................................195
8.5.9
Scaling and transformation process for DC transform coefficients for Intra_16x16 macroblock type...197
8.5.10
Scaling and transformation process for chroma DC transform coefficients ...........................................198
8.5.10.1
Transformation process for chroma DC transform coefficients........................................................198
8.5.10.2
Scaling process for chroma DC transform coefficients.....................................................................198
8.5.11
Scaling and transformation process for residual 4x4 blocks...................................................................199
剩余562页未读，继续阅读
资源评论
shengixucui
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 1
上传资源 快速赚钱
我的内容管理
展开
- 我的资源
快来上传第一个资源
我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
我的积分
登录查看自己的积分
我的C币
登录后查看C币余额
我的收藏 
我的下载 
下载帮助
前往需求广场，查看用户热搜最新资源
资源上传下载、课程学习等过程中有任何疑问或建议，欢迎提出宝贵意见哦~我们会及时处理！
点击此处反馈
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益，开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功