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The Python Tutorial
Release:
3.2
Date:
July 22, 2011
Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming
language. It has efficient high-level data
structures and a simple but effective approach to
object-oriented programming. Python’s elegant
syntax and dynamic typing, together with its
interpreted nature, make it an ideal language for
scripting and rapid application development in
many areas on most platforms.
The Python interpreter and the extensive
standard library are freely available in source or
binary form for all major platforms from the
Python Web site, http://www.python.org/, and
may be freely distributed. The same site also
contains distributions of and pointers to many
free third party Python modules, programs and
tools, and additional documentation.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with
new functions and data types implemented in C
or C++ (or other languages callable from C).
Python is also suitable as an extension language
for customizable applications.
This tutorial introduces the reader informally to
the basic concepts and features of the Python
language and system. It helps to have a Python
interpreter handy for hands-on experience, but
all examples are self-contained, so the tutorial
can be read off-line as well.
For a description of standard objects and
modules, see The Python Standard Library. The
Python Language Reference gives a more formal
definition of the language. To write extensions in
C or C++, read Extending and Embedding the
Python Interpreter and Python/C API Reference
Manual. There are also several books covering
Python in depth.
This tutorial does not attempt to be
comprehensive and cover every single feature, or
even every commonly used feature. Instead, it
introduces many of Python’s most noteworthy
features, and will give you a good idea of the
language’s flavor and style. After reading it, you
will be able to read and write Python modules
and programs, and you will be ready to learn
more about the various Python library modules
described in The Python Standard Library.
The Glossary is also worth going through.
1. Whetting Your Appetite
2. Using the Python Interpreter
o 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
2.1.1. Argument Passing
2.1.2. Interactive Mode
o 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
2.2.1. Error Handling
2.2.2. Executable Python
Scripts
2.2.3. Source Code Encoding
2.2.4. The Interactive Startup
File
3. An Informal Introduction to Python
o 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
3.1.1. Numbers
3.1.2. Strings
3.1.3. About Unicode
3.1.4. Lists
o 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
4. More Control Flow Tools
o 4.1. if Statements
o 4.2. for Statements
o 4.3. The range() Function
o 4.4. break and continue Statements,
and else Clauses on Loops
o 4.5. pass Statements
o 4.6. Defining Functions
o 4.7. More on Defining Functions
4.7.1. Default Argument Values
4.7.2. Keyword Arguments
4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists
4.7.4. Unpacking Argument
Lists
4.7.5. Lambda Forms
4.7.6. Documentation Strings
o 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style
5. Data Structures
o 5.1. More on Lists
5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
5.1.3. List Comprehensions
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