Market-Oriented Cloud Computing:
Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities
Rajkumar Buyya
1,2
, Chee Shin Yeo
1
, and Srikumar Venugopal
1
1
Grid Computing and Distributed Systems (GRIDS) Laboratory
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering
The University of Melbourne, Australia
Email: {raj, csyeo, srikumar}@csse.unimelb.edu.au
2
Manjrasoft Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
Abstract
This keynote paper: presents a 21
st
century vision
of computing; identifies various computing paradigms
promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities;
defines Cloud computing and provides the architecture
for creating market-oriented Clouds by leveraging
technologies such as VMs; provides thoughts on
market-based resource management strategies that
encompass both customer-driven service management
and computational risk management to sustain SLA-
oriented resource allocation; presents some
representative Cloud platforms especially those
developed in industries along with our current work
towards realising market-oriented resource allocation
of Clouds by leveraging the 3
rd
generation Aneka
enterprise Grid technology; reveals our early thoughts
on interconnecting Clouds for dynamically creating an
atmospheric computing environment along with
pointers to future community research; and concludes
with the need for convergence of competing IT
paradigms for delivering our 21
st
century vision.
1. Introduction
With the advancement of the modern human society,
basic essential services are commonly provided such
that everyone can easily obtain access to them. Today,
utility services, such as water, electricity, gas, and
telephony are deemed necessary for fulfilling daily life
routines. These utility services are accessed so
frequently that they need to be available whenever the
consumer requires them at any time. Consumers are
then able to pay service providers based on their usage
of these utility services.
In 1969, Leonard Kleinrock [1], one of the chief
scientists of the original Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET) project which seeded
the Internet, said: “As of now, computer networks are
still in their infancy, but as they grow up and become
sophisticated, we will probably see the spread of
‘computer utilities’ which, like present electric and
telephone utilities, will service individual homes and
offices across the country.” This vision of the
computing utility based on the service provisioning
model anticipates the massive transformation of the
entire computing industry in the 21
st
century whereby
computing services will be readily available on
demand, like other utility services available in today’s
society. Similarly, computing service users
(consumers) need to pay providers only when they
access computing services. In addition, consumers no
longer need to invest heavily or encounter difficulties
in building and maintaining complex IT infrastructure.
Software practitioners are facing numerous new
challenges toward creating software for millions of
consumers to use as a service rather than to run on their
individual computers. Over the years, new computing
paradigms have been proposed and adopted, with the
emergence of technological advances such as multi-
core processors and networked computing
environments, to edge closer toward achieving this
grand vision. As shown in Figure 1, these new
computing paradigms include cluster computing, Grid
computing, P2P computing, service computing,
market-oriented computing, and most recently Cloud
computing. All these paradigms promise to provide
certain attributes or capabilities in order to realize the
possibly 1 trillion dollars worth of the utility/pervasive
computing industry as quoted by Sun Microsystems
co-founder Bill Joy [2]. Computing services need to be
highly reliable, scalable, and autonomic to support
ubiquitous access, dynamic discovery and
composability. In particular, consumers can determine
the required service level through Quality of Service
(QoS) parameters and Service Level Agreements
(SLAs). Of all these computing paradigms, the two
most promising ones appear to be Grid computing and
Cloud computing.
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