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exif spec --Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard
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EXIF的spec 给需要的人。 Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard (Exchangeable image file format for Digital Still Cameras: Exif) Version 2.2
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Standard of Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
JEITA CP-3451
Exchangeable image file format
for digital still cameras:
Exif Version 2.2
Established in April, 2002
Prepared by
Technical Standardization Committee on AV & IT Storage Systems and Equipment
Published by
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
JEITA CP-3451
Windows
™
is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and
elsewhere. Flashpix
™
is a registered trademark of I3A(International Imaging Industry
Association).
Translation without guarantee in the event of any doubt arising, the original standard in
Japanese is to be evidence.
.
JEITA standard are established independently to any existing patents on the products, materials
or processes they cover.
JEITA assumes absolutely no responsibility toward parties applying these standards or toward
patent owners.
(1)
Contents
1.
Scope ...............................................................................................................................................................1
2.
Definition of Terms............................................................................................................................................1
3.
General.............................................................................................................................................................1
3.1.
Format Structure .......................................................................................................................................1
3.2.
Exif Image File Specification.....................................................................................................................2
3.3.
Exif Audio File Specification......................................................................................................................2
3.4.
Relation between Image and Audio File Specification..............................................................................3
3.5.
Presupposed Systems and Compatibility .................................................................................................3
4.
Exif Image File Specification ............................................................................................................................4
4.1.
Outline of the Exif Image File Specification ..............................................................................................4
4.2.
Format Version..........................................................................................................................................4
4.3.
Definition of Glossary................................................................................................................................4
4.4.
Specifications Relating to Image Data......................................................................................................5
4.4.1.
Number of Pixels................................................................................................................................5
4.4.2.
Pixel Aspect .......................................................................................................................................5
4.4.3.
Pixel Composition and Sampling .......................................................................................................5
4.4.4.
Image Data Arrangement ..................................................................................................................7
4.5.
Basic Structure of Image Data..................................................................................................................8
4.5.1.
Basic Structure of Primary Image Data .............................................................................................8
4.5.2.
Basic Structure of Uncompressed RGB Data....................................................................................8
4.5.3.
Basic Structure of YCbCr Uncompressed Data...............................................................................10
4.5.4.
Basic Structure of JPEG Compressed Data.................................................................................... 11
4.5.5.
Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data..................................................................................................12
4.6.
Tags.........................................................................................................................................................13
4.6.1.
Features of Attribute Information .....................................................................................................13
4.6.2.
IFD Structure....................................................................................................................................13
4.6.3.
Exif-specific IFD ...............................................................................................................................15
4.6.4.
TIFF Rev. 6.0 Attribute Information..................................................................................................16
4.6.5.
Exif IFD Attribute Information...........................................................................................................24
4.6.6.
GPS Attribute Information................................................................................................................46
4.6.7.
Interoperability IFD Attribute Information.........................................................................................53
4.6.8.
Tag Support Levels ..........................................................................................................................54
4.7.
JPEG Marker Segments Used in Exif .....................................................................................................58
4.7.1.
JPEG Marker Segments ..................................................................................................................58
4.7.2.
Interoperability Structure of APP1 in Compressed Data .................................................................64
JEITA CP-3451
(2)
4.7.3.
Interoperability Structure of APP2 in Compressed Data................................................................. 65
4.8.
Data Description ..................................................................................................................................... 68
4.8.1.
Stipulations on Compressed Image Size ........................................................................................ 68
4.8.2.
Stipulations on Thumbnails ............................................................................................................. 71
4.8.3.
File Name Stipulations .................................................................................................................... 71
4.8.4.
Byte Order Stipulations ................................................................................................................... 71
5.
Exif Audio File Specification .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.1.
Outline of the Exif Audio File Specification ............................................................................................ 72
5.2.
Format Version ....................................................................................................................................... 72
5.3.
Definition of Terms.................................................................................................................................. 72
5.4.
Specifications Relating to Audio Data .................................................................................................... 74
5.4.1.
Sampling Frequency ....................................................................................................................... 74
5.4.2.
Bit Size ............................................................................................................................................ 74
5.4.3.
Channels ......................................................................................................................................... 74
5.4.4.
Compression Schemes ................................................................................................................... 74
5.5.
Basic Structure of Audio Data ................................................................................................................ 74
5.5.1.
Basic Structure of WAVE Form Audio Files .................................................................................... 74
5.5.2.
Basic Structure of PCM Audio Data................................................................................................ 80
5.5.3.
Basic Structure of µ-Law Audio Data .............................................................................................. 83
5.5.4.
Basic Structure of IMA-ADPCM Audio Data ................................................................................... 84
5.6.
Chunks Used .......................................................................................................................................... 88
5.6.1.
WAVE Form Audio File Basic Chunks ............................................................................................ 88
5.6.2.
LIST Chunk and INFO List .............................................................................................................. 89
5.6.3.
Chunks for Attribute Information Specific to Exif Audio Files.......................................................... 93
5.7.
Data Description ..................................................................................................................................... 97
5.7.1.
File Naming Stipulation ................................................................................................................... 97
5.7.2.
Typical Exif Audio File ..................................................................................................................... 97
Normative References ........................................................................................................................................ 100
Annex A
Image File Description Examples ..................................................................................................... 101
A.1
Uncompressed RGB File...................................................................................................................... 101
A.2
Uncompressed YCbCr File................................................................................................................... 104
A.3
JPEG Compressed (4:2:2) File ............................................................................................................ 108
A.4
JPEG Compressed (4:2:0) File .............................................................................................................112
Annex B
Audio File Description Examples ...................................................................................................116
B.1
PCM Audio Data....................................................................................................................................116
B.2
µ-Law Audio Data..................................................................................................................................118
B.3
IMA-ADPCM Audio Data ...................................................................................................................... 120
(3)
Annex C
APEX Units ....................................................................................................................................122
Annex D
Recommended Implementation Examples....................................................................................123
Annex E
Color Space Guidelines .................................................................................................................124
Annex F
Notes on Conversion to Flashpix ......................................................................................................125
F.1
Converting Image Data .........................................................................................................................126
F.2
Converting Tag Data .............................................................................................................................128
F.3
Converting to Flashpix Extensions (APP2)...........................................................................................131
Explication of Exchangeable image file format for digital still cameras: Exif Version 2.2 ...................................133
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