目录
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iv
2.2 Grammars.............................................................................................................................................................33
2.2.1 Grammar notation...........................................................................................................................................33
2.2.2 Lexical grammar ..............................................................................................................................................34
2.2.3 Syntactic grammar...........................................................................................................................................34
2.3 Lexical analysis....................................................................................................................................................34
2.3.1 Line terminators...............................................................................................................................................35
2.3.2 Comments..........................................................................................................................................................35
2.3.3 White space........................................................................................................................................................37
2.4 Tokens....................................................................................................................................................................37
2.4.1 Unicode character escape sequences.............................................................................................................37
2.4.2 Identifiers...........................................................................................................................................................38
2.4.3 Keywords...........................................................................................................................................................40
2.4.4 Literals ...............................................................................................................................................................40
2.4.4.1 Boolean literals...............................................................................................................................................40
2.4.4.2 Integer literals................................................................................................................................................40
2.4.4.3 Real literals.....................................................................................................................................................42
2.4.4.4 Character literals...........................................................................................................................................42
2.4.4.5 String literals..................................................................................................................................................43
2.4.4.6 The null literal................................................................................................................................................45
2.4.5 Operators and punctuators.............................................................................................................................45
2.5 Pre-processing directives....................................................................................................................................45
2.5.1 Conditional compilation symbols...................................................................................................................47
2.5.2 Pre-processing expressions..............................................................................................................................47
2.5.3 Declaration directives......................................................................................................................................48
2.5.4 Conditional compilation directives................................................................................................................49
2.5.5 Diagnostic directives........................................................................................................................................51
2.5.6 Region directives...............................................................................................................................................52
2.5.7 Line directives...................................................................................................................................................52
2.5.8 Pragma directives.............................................................................................................................................53
2.5.8.1 Pragma warning............................................................................................................................................53
3. Basic concepts.........................................................................................................................................................55
3.1 Application Startup.............................................................................................................................................55
3.2 Application termination......................................................................................................................................56
3.3 Declarations..........................................................................................................................................................56
3.4 Members................................................................................................................................................................58
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