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Red Hat Glossary

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Red Hat Glossary

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McGraw-Hill.RHCE.Red.Hat.Certified.Engineer.Linux.Study.Guide(Exam RH302), Fifth.Edition,2007.chm

RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer Linux Study Guide (Exam RH302), Fifth Edition byMichael Jang McGraw-Hill/Osborne 2007 (896 pages) ISBN:9780072264548 With hundreds of practice questions and hands

Red Hat Glossary

802.11

Standard protocol for radio-frequency wireless data transmission and networking. Also called

Wi-Fi.

absolute

Relating to ﬁle systems, the location of a directory or ﬁle that can be accessed regardless of

the current working location of a user or program. For example, to access the Samba con-

ﬁguration ﬁle regardless of your current working directory, use the following absolute path:

/etc/samba/smb.conf.

ad-hoc

A wireless networking architecture in which there is no central access point. Nodes act as peers

on the network and transmit information directly to recipient nodes.

advanced conﬁguration and power interface (ACPI)

An industry standardized speciﬁcation that lets an operating system control power management

and conﬁguration to PC and server components.

advanced graphics port (AGP)

Hardware interface for the acceleration of graphics to a display such as a monitor. AGP video

cards display three-dimensional graphics faster than peripheral component interconnect (PCI)

cards.

advanced power management (APM)

Legacy power control and conﬁguration speciﬁcation for hardware in PCs and servers. APM as

a standard has been replaced by advanced conﬁguration and power interface (ACPI).

Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI)

A system-level component interface used to connect CD-ROMs and tape drives to PCs and

servers, as deﬁned by the enhanced integrated drive electronics (EIDE) speciﬁcation.

2 Red Hat Glossary

alias

An alternate name, symbolic link, network conﬁguration, or icon that points to a corresponding

ﬁle or directory location. Aliases are useful for catenating long strings or commands into shorter,

less complex names.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Alphanumeric characters are represented by numbers ranging from 0 to 127 and are translated

into a 7-bit binary code. ASCII allows for easy transfer of text-only ﬁles between different kinds

of computers.

anonymous FTP

A means of transferring and obtaining ﬁles that are available for public download from FTP sites.

The publicly available ﬁles are usually kept in a directory called /pub/. Refer to File Transfer

Protocol (FTP).

applet

A small application, usually a utility or other simple program, that can be executed on a graphical

desktop panel.

architecture

The design, organization, and integration of components within a computer system, primarily

determined by the central processing unit that the system employs.

archive

To collect ﬁles into one large ﬁle for storage or backup purposes. Archives are often used for the

purpose of saving disk space.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM)

A ﬁxed-route network protocol in which transmission packets have direct paths and destinations.

ATM is an alternative to TCP/IP, which tags each packet with destination information in the

header and can be routed through arbitrary paths on a carrier network such as the Internet.

ASCII

Refer to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).

ATAPI

Refer to Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI).

Red Hat Glossary 3

authentication

Veriﬁcation of the identity of a username, password, process, or computer system for security

purposes.

automount

To automatically access a storage medium such as CD-ROMs and make its contents available to

a computer system.

backup

To periodically archive data on a system to mitigate risk the of permanent data loss in the event

of system or component malfunction or destruction.

backward compatible

The quality of software to be able to work properly with older versions of the software that may

be installed on a machine or communicating with another machine with a lower version of the

software.

bash

The default command interpreter, or shell, for Red Hat Linux. bash features several enhance-

ments to sh, such as built-in ﬁle management commands and support for completion of com-

mands and paths using the the [Tab] key.

Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

A set of instructions stored on a ROM CHIP that handles input-output functions and system

component management (such as power conﬁguration and interrupt request settings).

Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)

A domain name service implementation developed by the University of California at Berkeley.

BIND is distributed with the named daemon, which actively listens for requests and queries root

name servers to translate IP addresses to corresponding domain names, and vice versa.

binary

A code system that uses 2 as its base and 0s and 1s for its notation. Binary code is used by

computers as it functions well with digital electronics and Boolean algebra.

4 Red Hat Glossary

BIND

Refer to Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND).

BIOS

Refer to Basic Input Output System (BIOS).

bit

Short for binary digit. The smallest unit of information a computer can read and manipulate. The

value of a bit is 1 or 0.

boolean

Expression-based system that uses the operators AND, OR, and NOT; operations are based on

variables which can be 1 (true) or 0 (false).

boot

The process of loading a computer’s operating system. If your system is working properly, the

operating system boots when the computer is turned on.

boot diskette

A diskette that loads, or boots, a computer system.

boot loader

Software that is stored on the master boot record of a bootable storage disk; can load one or more

operating systems by reading ﬁle system information or through a pointer to a disk partition

containing operating system ﬁles.

boot partition

The partition on a disk where the /boot/ directory is mounted. The boot partition contains the

operating system kernel, as well as critical ﬁles needed during the boot process.

Bootstrap Protocol (bootp)

A TCP/IP protocol allowing a diskless workstation to ﬁnd its own IP address at startup.

broadcast

Packets that transmit to all hosts on the network.

Red Hat Glossary 5

browser

Refer to Web browser.

bus

Conductors that connect the functional units in a computer (called a bus because it travels to

all destinations). Local busses connect elements within the CPU, while other busses connect to

external memory and peripherals.

byte

The amount of memory space used to store one character; generally 8 bits.

cache

A temporary storage area for currently-used or recently-accessed data. Cache can be system-level

(residing in dedicated cache memory on the motherboard or physically etched on the central

processing unit) or disk-based (residing in main memory such as a hard disk drive or RAM).

case sensitive

Of or relating to the handling of character casing in data input and output. UNIX™ and UNIX-

compatible operating systems (such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux) are case-sensitive in that they

treat the same deﬁned term differently if the terms are not cased identically (such as foo and

FOO).

CD-R

Refer to compact disc recordable (CD-R).

CD-ROM

Refer to compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM).

CD-RW

Refer to compact disc rewritable (CD-RW).

central processing unit (CPU)

The component which controls the computation and operation of a computer system. Units within

the CPU perform math and logic operations, and translate and execute instructions.

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