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Oracle 9i OLAP User’s Guide Release 2 (9.2.0.2)
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Oracle 9i OLAP User’s Guide Release 2 (9.2.0.2)
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Oracle9i OLAP
User’s Guide
Release 2 (9.2.0.2)
Sept 2002
Part No. A95295-02
Oracle9i OLAP User’s Guide, Release 2 (9.2.0.2)
Part No. A95295-02
Copyright © 2001, 2002 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and
disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent and other intellectual and industrial property
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to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems
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iii
Contents
Send Us Your Comments................................................................................................................. xxi
Preface......................................................................................................................................................... xxiii
Audience ............................................................................................................................................. xxiv
Organization....................................................................................................................................... xxiv
Related Documentation ................................................................................................................... xxviii
Conventions........................................................................................................................................ xxix
Documentation Accessibility .......................................................................................................... xxxii
What’s New in Oracle OLAP? ..................................................................................................... xxxiii
Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2) New Features in Oracle OLAP............................................................. xxxiv
Part I The Basics
1 Overview
Why OLAP?.......................................................................................................................................... 1-2
Analytical Processing Answers Business Questions ............................................................... 1-2
Types of OLAP Applications ...................................................................................................... 1-3
Analytical Reporting............................................................................................................. 1-3
Predictive Analysis................................................................................................................ 1-3
The Oracle9i Integrated Relational-Multidimensional Database............................................. 1-4
Components of Oracle OLAP........................................................................................................... 1-5
Calculation Engine ....................................................................................................................... 1-6
Analytic Workspace ..................................................................................................................... 1-6
iv
OLAP DML.................................................................................................................................... 1-6
SQL Table Functions .................................................................................................................... 1-7
OLAP API ...................................................................................................................................... 1-7
OLAP Catalog ............................................................................................................................... 1-8
Applications Access to Oracle OLAP.............................................................................................. 1-8
2 Manipulating Multidimensional Data
What Is the OLAP DML?................................................................................................................... 2-2
Extensive Analytic Capabilities .................................................................................................. 2-2
Features of the Multidimensional Model.................................................................................. 2-3
Basic Categories of OLAP DML Commands................................................................................. 2-4
Aggregation ................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Allocation....................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Data Selection................................................................................................................................ 2-5
Data Exchange............................................................................................................................... 2-5
File Reading and Writing............................................................................................................. 2-5
Financial Operations .................................................................................................................... 2-6
Forecasts and Regressions ........................................................................................................... 2-6
Models ............................................................................................................................................ 2-7
Numeric Computations ............................................................................................................... 2-7
Statistical Operations.................................................................................................................... 2-8
Text Manipulation ........................................................................................................................ 2-8
Time Series Manipulation............................................................................................................ 2-8
Methods of Executing OLAP DML Commands ........................................................................... 2-8
OLAP Worksheet: The OLAP DML Development Tool......................................................... 2-9
Procedure: Open OLAP Worksheet.................................................................................... 2-9
Embedding OLAP DML Commands in Programs.................................................................. 2-9
3 Developing OLAP Applications
Building SQL-Based OLAP Applications...................................................................................... 3-2
Methods of Accessing Multidimensional Data From SQL ..................................................... 3-3
Embedding OLAP DML Commands in SQL ........................................................................... 3-4
Building Analytical Java Applications........................................................................................... 3-4
About Java ..................................................................................................................................... 3-4
Deploying Java Applications ...................................................................................................... 3-5
v
The Java Solution for OLAP........................................................................................................ 3-6
Oracle Java Development Environment.................................................................................... 3-6
Introducing the BI Beans................................................................................................................... 3-7
Thick-Client Configuration ......................................................................................................... 3-7
Thin-Client Configuration........................................................................................................... 3-9
Metadata ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10
Runtime Repository ................................................................................................................... 3-10
Navigation ................................................................................................................................... 3-10
Formatting ................................................................................................................................... 3-10
Graphs.......................................................................................................................................... 3-11
Crosstabs...................................................................................................................................... 3-11
Tables............................................................................................................................................ 3-11
OLAP BI Beans............................................................................................................................ 3-12
Wizards ........................................................................................................................................ 3-12
Understanding the OLAP API........................................................................................................ 3-12
How the OLAP API Accesses Multidimensional Data......................................................... 3-13
Intelligent Caching ..................................................................................................................... 3-15
Calculation Capabilities............................................................................................................. 3-15
4 Designing Your Database for OLAP
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 4-2
Preparing a Database for the OLAP API........................................................................................ 4-2
Types of Data Stored in a Data Warehouse ................................................................................... 4-3
Historical Data .............................................................................................................................. 4-3
Derived Data ................................................................................................................................. 4-4
Metadata ........................................................................................................................................ 4-4
Data Structures in Relational and Multidimensional Data Stores ........................................... 4-4
Relational Table Storage .............................................................................................................. 4-4
Multidimensional Table Storage ................................................................................................ 4-5
Temporary and Persistent Analytic Workspaces..................................................................... 4-5
About Star, Snowflake, Parent-Child, and Multidimensional Schemas............................... 4-6
Choosing a Schema for Your Data ............................................................................................. 4-7
OLAP Metadata Model...................................................................................................................... 4-8
Mapping Data Objects to Metadata Objects ............................................................................. 4-8
Measures ........................................................................................................................................ 4-9
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