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人工智能-图像处理-基于图像处理的冷轧薄板板形识别.pdf
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人工智能-图像处理-基于图像处理的冷轧薄板板形识别.pdf
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II
Kirsch 算子)、Canny 边缘检测算子对板形图像边缘的处理结果,得出采用 Canny
算法在本系统中的效果最佳。
● 第 5 章主要探讨了利用形态学方法进行二值图像去噪和灰度图像增强的基本
准则和一般方法。利用二值形态学算法有效地解决了图像二值化后图像存在噪声
的问题,利用灰度形态学的图像增强算法有效克服了直方图均衡化导致的图像细
节损失的缺点,为图像分析和图像的特征提取奠定了基础。
● 第 6 章提出了 3 种可行的板形识别算法。基于高帽变换的板形识别算法利用
高帽变换对板形图像进行增强,对增强后的图像进行二值化,生成缺陷图像,消
除二值缺陷图像中的干扰信号,分析二值缺陷图像,判定板形的类别。该方法平
均识别率为 50%。
基于神经网络的板形识别算法对图像进行直方图均衡化,使处理后的图像对
比度、图像边界的清晰度有了很大的提高,并在此基础上再进行形态学增强,改
善图像效果。对于处理后的图像利用 canny 算子提取其边缘,利用图像的均值、
方差和对比度的统计特征作为人工神经网络分类器的输入进行特征分类。基于该
方法设计的板形识别系统在某冷轧薄板厂板形检测中取得了很好的应用效果,平
均识别率为 92%。
基于对比思想的板形识别算法以前一幅图像作为当前图像的“标准板形图
像”,当前板形图像与标准板形图像相减生成缺陷图像,对缺陷图像进行二值化,
消除二值缺陷图像的干扰信息,分析二值缺陷图像,判断板形的类别。该方法平
均识别率为 97%。
基于图像处理的板形识别是一个较新的研究课题,国内外的相关资料较少。需
要通过实践不断发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,使板形识别系统能更加有效地用
于冷轧薄板生产,提高冷轧薄板的生产质量和效率。
关键词:冷轧薄板,图像处理,神经网络,形态学,板形识别
III
ABSTRACT
For producing technology of cold-rolled strip in huge iron and steel enterprises, the
quality of plat-profile is a critical control indicator in the manufacturing, which
influence directly and determine the final quality of steel sheets. Therefore, the
plate-profile recognition technology holds a very important degree in the producing
process. Seen from the current practical applications of plate-profile recognition of
cold-rolled strips in the iron and steel enterprises, the major method to getting the
plat-profile state is still using the inner stress distribution of steel sheets in the process
of rolling indirectly. This method has some disadvantages such as the expensive device,
complicate operation, destroyed easily and maintained hardly. Furthermore, the
reliability of this method cannot be guaranteed completely because of the outside
changing condition and the factor of the sensor itself. So the main countries which
manufacture steel are studying new plate-profile recognition method and trying to seek
a plate-profile recognition system with simple structure, few investment, stable
capability and that the detecting accuracy can satisfy the manufacture requirement.
Relying on the Chongqing city natural science fund projects, which are “the
producing quality monitor system of iron and steel industry based on new intelligent
theory (Project No: 7369)” and “the plate-profile control artificial intelligence system of
cold-rolled strips” (transverse science and technology project, Contract No: GK05121),
this dissertation take plate-profile of cold-rolled strips as study object and aim at
establishing a plate-profile recognition system with simple structure, stable capability,
and whose detecting accuracy can satisfy the producing requirement. The dissertation
mainly studies the plate-profile imaging at the common light sources, data gathering,
pre-processing of plate-profile image, segmentation of plate-profile image and image
processing based on morphology, and then put forward the plate-profile recognition
algorithm based on artificial neural networks, Top-Hat and comparison. All these
methods were tested in practical production, and the results verify their efficiency in
recognizing plate-profile of common cold-rolled strip.
The main contents and conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:
● In chapter 2, the method to get effective plate-profile at the common light sources is
put forward; the basic requirements and basic parameters of plate-profile recognition
system are presented too. The recognizing accuracy is determined by image gathering
IV
system, the real-time performance is restricted by rolling speed and computer operating
speed, and the recognition accuracy is correlative not only with the accuracy and real
time performance of the plate-profile recognition system but also with the plate-profile
recognition algorithms. The software and hardware design frame of the data gathering
and imaging system of plate-profile image is offered.
● In chapter 3, image pre-processing method is mainly discussed such as the
histogram equalization, direct gray-level transform and histogram normalization. The
solution to detail losing and brightness aberrance caused by conquering histogram
equalization is developed. In addition plate-profile image noise and its smoothness are
discussed, and then the experimental result and analysis of these three image smoothness,
i.e. field averaging, reciprocal weighted mean and median filtering, are presented.
● In chapter 4, an image binarization algorithm based on class mean is presented
which is proved later that is equivalent to Otsu’s algorithm. Then, histogram
equalization algorithms based on image binarization and image binarization algorithm
based on histogram equalization are put forward. By analyzing the processing results of
the plate-profile image fringe respectively using three image fringe detecting methods,
such as the first order fringe detecting operators( Roberts operator, Sobel operator,
Prewitt operator) , the second order fringe detecting operators (Laplacian operator、
Kirsch operator) and Canny fringe detecting operators, Canny algorithm is verified
most effective in this system.
● In chapter 5, the basic criterion and general method of binary image de-noise
algorithm and gray-level image enhancement algorithm based on morphology are
investigated. By using binary morphology algorithm, the problem about noise after
image binarization is resolved effectively, and by using gray-level morphology image
enhancement algorithm, the shortcoming about image detail losing caused by histogram
equalization is overcame effectively. Above two productions lay the foundation for
image analysis and image nature obtainer.
● In chapter 6, three practical plate-profile recognition algorithms are developed.
Firstly, the plate-profile recognition algorithm based on TopHat enhances plate-profile
image by using TopHat. Secondly, to do binarization on the enhanced image, and then
get the defective image. Thirdly, eliminate the interferential signal in the binary
defective image. Finally, analyzing the image, and then the sort of the plate-profile can
be determined. The average accuracy of this method is 50%.
The plate-profile recognition algorithm based on artificial neural networks firstly
V
proceeds to histogram equalization on image, which largely improve the contrast of the
processed image and the definition of the image fringe. Then do morphology
enhancement to improve the image effect. Finally, take the processed image’s fringe by
using canny operator and classify the characters by taking the average value, square
difference and the contrast statistic characters of image as the inputs of the artificial
neural networks interpolator. The plate-profile recognition system designed as this
method is well-applied during the plate-profile recognition in a cold mill plant and the
average accuracy is up to 92%.
The plate-profile recognition algorithm based on comparison takes the last image as
the “standard plate-profile image” of the current image and gets the defective image by
subtracting the current plate-profile image from the standard plate-profile image. Then
do binarization on the defective image, eliminate the interferential signal in the binary
defective image and analyze it. So the sort of the plate-profile can be determined. The
average accuracy of this method is 97%.
The plate-profile recognition method based on image processing is a rather new
research subject and the relative datum is lack at home and abroad. In order to make the
plate-profile recognition system apply to the production of cold-rolled strips more
effectively and then improve quality and efficiency of cold-rolled strips production, we
must practice constantly to discover problems, analyze the problems and resolve them.
Keywords: Cold-rolled strip, Image Processing, Artificial Neural Networks,
Morphology, Plate-profile recognition
VI
目 录
摘 要........................................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. III
1 绪 论...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 冷轧薄板的生产工艺及技术经济指标 ................................................................1
1.1.1 板形的基本概念..............................................................................................1
1.1.2 带钢的板形分类..............................................................................................2
1.1.3 板形的表示方法..............................................................................................3
1.1.4 板形的测量方法..............................................................................................5
1.2 数字图像处理技术及其应用 ................................................................................6
1.3 冷轧薄板板形识别技术的国内外研究及发展 ....................................................7
1.4 本课题的研究背景及在生产过程中的意义 ......................................................10
1.5 本文的主要研究内容及论文结构 ......................................................................11
2 板形图像的数据采集及板形成像系统.....................................................................13
2.1 板形检测原理 ......................................................................................................13
2.1.1 板形识别系统的基本要求............................................................................13
2.1.2 板形识别系统的基本参数............................................................................15
2.2 板形识别图像采集与处理系统设计 ..................................................................16
2.2.1 系统硬件组成及说明....................................................................................16
2.2.2 系统软件设计说明........................................................................................21
2.3 本章小结 ..............................................................................................................21
3 板形图像预处理.........................................................................................................23
3.1 直方图变换 ..........................................................................................................23
3.1.1 引言................................................................................................................23
3.1.2 直方图与概率密度函数................................................................................24
3.1.3 直方图变换的基本规则和步骤....................................................................24
3.1.4 直方图均衡化................................................................................................26
3.1.5 直方图规定化................................................................................................36
3.2 板形图像噪声及平滑 ..........................................................................................39
3.2.1 图像的噪声....................................................................................................39
3.2.2 板形缺陷图像平滑........................................................................................40
3.2.3 三种图像平滑方法实验及其分析................................................................44
3.3 本章小结 ..............................................................................................................44
4 图像分割.....................................................................................................................45
4.1 引言 ......................................................................................................................45
4.2 图像分割与图像二值化 ......................................................................................45
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