基于SIP协议Android视频通信终端系统.pdf

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摘要

在多媒体技术广泛应用的今天，VOIP 技术得到了极大的发展，并表现出巨

大潜力，尤其是国内市场。国内运营商提升宽带速度和增加 WIFI 热点，将把

VOIP 发展带入全新的发展阶段。目前，VOIP 领域的控制协议有多种，其中最

主流的是 H.323 和 SIP 两种。与 H.323 相比，SIP 具有简练、开放、兼容和可扩

展的优点，在视频通信领域还存在广阔的空间。随着 VOIP 的发展，移动终端将

是其不可缺少的组成部分。目前，移动终端存在多种操作系统，其中发展最为迅

速，最受消费者欢迎的当属 Android 系统。SIP 在 Android 平台上的应用研发正

在不断走热。然而，基于 SIP 通信的服务质量问题一直没有较好的解决。

针对 NAT 问题和无线视频通信质量容忍度问题研究了丢包率的调节方法。

运用 STUN 解决 NAT 穿越问题，调用 Android NDK 做视频数据的编解码，并由

此而设计 Android 手机平台上的 SIP 视频通信终端系统。本文的主要工作包括：

1．解决 NAT 穿越的问题。为了解决 IP 地址严重缺乏和从安全角度考虑，

目前在网络中部署了大量 NAT 设备，这阻碍了基于 SIP 协议的视频通信的建立。

本文引入 STUN 方式解决 NAT 设备穿越的问题。实验结果表明，终端系统能够

对市场占有率为 98.1%的圆锥型 NAT 设备进行有效穿越。

2．解决 JAVA 计算效率低下的问题。众所周知，Android 系统只支持 JAVA

编程语言的直接开发，而其底层是通过 C/C++实现的。为实现对视频数据的快速

高效的编解码，本文引入了 Android NDK，利用 JNI 机制，将课题组现有编码器

和开源解码器移植到 Android 平台上，这极大地减小了视频通信过程中编码和解

码所带来的时延，保证了视频通信质量。实验结果表明，终端系统在实验环境下

将分辩率设置为 240*240 时，视频比较流畅，图像比较清晰，没有感觉到明显时

延。

3．进行丢包率调节的尝试。在无线网络环境下，视频通信质量很难有保证，

而且还要考虑视频数据穿越 NAT 设备。随着所发送数据包的大小和发包频率的

变化，视频数据通信丢包率表现出很大的差异性。特别是在数据包较大，发送频

率较高时，丢包问题严重。针对这一问题，本文在实验中尝试了一种基于统计的

丢包率调节方法。实验结果表明，通过调节数据包大小和发包频率，在实验环境

下能将丢包率基本控制在 3%以下。

关键词：多媒体技术；SIP 协议；Android；视频通信；NAT

Abstract

Nowadays, multimedia technology is widely used, VOIP technology has been

greatly developed, and have shown great potential, especially in domestic market.

The upgrading of broadband and increasing of WIFI hotspot by domestic telecom

operators will bring VOIP to a new stage of development. There are two main VOIP

signaling protocol: H.323 and SIP. Compared with H.323, SIP protocol which based

on the Internet standards and protocols with the advantage of concise, open,

readability, interoperable and scalable, has a vast space in the field of video

communication. With the development of VOIP, the mobile terminal will be an

important part of it. At present, there are severer operate system of mobile terminal,

while the most important is Android. It’s more and more popular to develop SIP

application on Android. However, the quality of communication based on SIP has not

a good solution.

Aimed at the problems of NAT and tolerance for wireless video communication

quality, this paper studied the adjustment of the packet loss rate. It used STUN to

solve the problem of traversing NAT devices in communication, called Android NDK

for encoding and decoding, and designed a SIP terminal system of video

communication on Android platform. The important job of this article:

1. Solve the NAT traversal problem. Because of the serious lack of IP address

and caring of security, there are many NAT devices in the Internet, which prevents the

establishment of SIP-based video communication. This paper used the method of

STUN to solve the problem of NAT. The experiment showed that the method can

work well with Cone NAT which shares 98.1% of all NAT devices.

2. Solve inefficient problem of JAVA. As we all know, the Android system only

support JAVA for direct development, while its bottom is implemented by C/C++. In

order to run fast and efficient in do encoding and decoding of video data, this paper

introduces the Android NDK, use the JNI mechanism to port the existing encoder and

open source decoder to the Android platform. Which significantly reduce delay of the

encoding and decoding in video communication process, to ensure the quality of

video communicate. In the experimental environment the experimental results show

that the terminal system can get relative smooth vide and clear images, and do not fell

obvious delay while the resolution is set to 240 * 240.

第一章引言................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 课题的背景 ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 VOIP 的现有技术 ...................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 智能终端市场现状..................................................................................... 2

1.1.3 SIP 与 Android 的结合 .............................................................................. 3

1.2 本文主要工作 .................................................................................................... 4

1.3 论文结构组织 .................................................................................................... 5

第二章相关技术综述................................................................................................ 6

2.1 SIP 协议概述 ..................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1 SIP 框架结构 .............................................................................................. 6

2.1.2 SIP 消息 ...................................................................................................... 9

2.2 SDP 相关命令 ................................................................................................. 13

2.2.1 SDP 简介 .................................................................................................. 13

2.2.2 SDP 协议格式 .......................................................................................... 13

2.3 Android 系统 ................................................................................................... 14

2.3.1 Android 的框架 ........................................................................................ 14

2.3.2 Android 的优点 ........................................................................................ 16

2.4 NAT 设备 ......................................................................................................... 16

2.4.1 NAT 的分类 .............................................................................................. 17

2.4.2 NAT 设备对视频通信的影响 .................................................................. 19

2.5 解决 NAT 问题的方案 .................................................................................... 19

2.5.1 应用层网关............................................................................................... 20

2.5.2 MIDCOM 方式 ......................................................................................... 20

2.5.3 STUN 方式 ............................................................................................... 20

2.5.4 TURN 方式 ............................................................................................... 21

第三章视频通信终端系统总体设计...................................................................... 22

3.1 视频通信架构 .................................................................................................. 22

3.2 SIP 视频终端系统模块设计 ........................................................................... 23

3.2.1 STUN 模块 ............................................................................................... 23

3.2.2 SIP 通信模块 ............................................................................................ 23

3.2.3 视频通信模块........................................................................................... 24

3.3 终端系统间的通信 .......................................................................................... 24

3.4 终端系统的开发环境 ...................................................................................... 25

第四章终端系统各模块的软件实现...................................................................... 27

4.1 STUN 模块 ...................................................................................................... 27

4.1.1 STUN 框架 ............................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 STUN 模块工作流程 ............................................................................... 28

4.2 SIP 通信模块 ................................................................................................... 30

4.2.1 MjSip 协议栈............................................................................................ 30

4.2.2 SIP 信令穿越 NAT ................................................................................... 31

4.3 视频通信模块 .................................................................................................. 34

4.3.1 视频数据采集端....................................................................................... 34

4.3.2 视频数据接收端....................................................................................... 36

4.3.3 编解码器的移植....................................................................................... 37

4.3.4 视频数据穿越 NAT .................................................................................. 39

第五章系统测试...................................................................................................... 41

5.1 穿越 NAT 设备 ................................................................................................ 41

5.1.1 注册........................................................................................................... 41

5.1.2 通信建立................................................................................................... 42

5.2 视频通信质量测试 .......................................................................................... 44

5.3 丢包率调节方法的尝试 .................................................................................. 46

第六章总结与展望.................................................................................................. 48

6.1 工作总结 .......................................................................................................... 48

6.2 有待改进的地方 .............................................................................................. 48

参考文献...................................................................................................................... 49

致谢.......................................................................................................................... 52

附录 A (攻读硕士学位期间参与的科研项目与研究成果) ...................................... 53

剩余54页未读，继续阅读

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