system-design-primer-master.zip

*[English](README.md) ∙ [日本語](README-ja.md) ∙ [简体中文](README-zh-Hans.md) ∙ [繁體中文](README-zh-TW.md) | [العَرَبِيَّة‎](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/170) ∙ [বাংলা](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/220) ∙ [Português do Brasil](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/40) ∙ [Deutsch](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/186) ∙ [ελληνικά](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/130) ∙ [עברית](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/272) ∙ [Italiano](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/104) ∙ [한국어](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/102) ∙ [فارسی](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/110) ∙ [Polski](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/68) ∙ [русский язык](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/87) ∙ [Español](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/136) ∙ [ภาษาไทย](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/187) ∙ [Türkçe](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/39) ∙ [tiếng Việt](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/127) ∙ [Français](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/250) | [Add Translation](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/28)* **Help [translate](TRANSLATIONS.md) this guide!** # The System Design Primer <p align="center"> <img src="images/jj3A5N8.png"> <br/> </p> ## Motivation > Learn how to design large-scale systems. > > Prep for the system design interview. ### Learn how to design large-scale systems Learning how to design scalable systems will help you become a better engineer. System design is a broad topic. There is a **vast amount of resources scattered throughout the web** on system design principles. This repo is an **organized collection** of resources to help you learn how to build systems at scale. ### Learn from the open source community This is a continually updated, open source project. [Contributions](#contributing) are welcome! ### Prep for the system design interview In addition to coding interviews, system design is a **required component** of the **technical interview process** at many tech companies. **Practice common system design interview questions** and **compare** your results with **sample solutions**: discussions, code, and diagrams. Additional topics for interview prep: * [Study guide](#study-guide) * [How to approach a system design interview question](#how-to-approach-a-system-design-interview-question) * [System design interview questions, **with solutions**](#system-design-interview-questions-with-solutions) * [Object-oriented design interview questions, **with solutions**](#object-oriented-design-interview-questions-with-solutions) * [Additional system design interview questions](#additional-system-design-interview-questions) ## Anki flashcards <p align="center"> <img src="images/zdCAkB3.png"> <br/> </p> The provided [Anki flashcard decks](https://apps.ankiweb.net/) use spaced repetition to help you retain key system design concepts. * [System design deck](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/tree/master/resources/flash_cards/System%20Design.apkg) * [System design exercises deck](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/tree/master/resources/flash_cards/System%20Design%20Exercises.apkg) * [Object oriented design exercises deck](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/tree/master/resources/flash_cards/OO%20Design.apkg) Great for use while on-the-go. ### Coding Resource: Interactive Coding Challenges Looking for resources to help you prep for the [**Coding Interview**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)? <p align="center"> <img src="images/b4YtAEN.png"> <br/> </p> Check out the sister repo [**Interactive Coding Challenges**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges), which contains an additional Anki deck: * [Coding deck](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges/tree/master/anki_cards/Coding.apkg) ## Contributing > Learn from the community. Feel free to submit pull requests to help: * Fix errors * Improve sections * Add new sections * [Translate](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer/issues/28) Content that needs some polishing is placed [under development](#under-development). Review the [Contributing Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Index of system design topics > Summaries of various system design topics, including pros and cons. **Everything is a trade-off**. > > Each section contains links to more in-depth resources. <p align="center"> <img src="images/jrUBAF7.png"> <br/> </p> * [System design topics: start here](#system-design-topics-start-here) * [Step 1: Review the scalability video lecture](#step-1-review-the-scalability-video-lecture) * [Step 2: Review the scalability article](#step-2-review-the-scalability-article) * [Next steps](#next-steps) * [Performance vs scalability](#performance-vs-scalability) * [Latency vs throughput](#latency-vs-throughput) * [Availability vs consistency](#availability-vs-consistency) * [CAP theorem](#cap-theorem) * [CP - consistency and partition tolerance](#cp---consistency-and-partition-tolerance) * [AP - availability and partition tolerance](#ap---availability-and-partition-tolerance) * [Consistency patterns](#consistency-patterns) * [Weak consistency](#weak-consistency) * [Eventual consistency](#eventual-consistency) * [Strong consistency](#strong-consistency) * [Availability patterns](#availability-patterns) * [Fail-over](#fail-over) * [Replication](#replication) * [Availability in numbers](#availability-in-numbers) * [Domain name system](#domain-name-system) * [Content delivery network](#content-delivery-network) * [Push CDNs](#push-cdns) * [Pull CDNs](#pull-cdns) * [Load balancer](#load-balancer) * [Active-passive](#active-passive) * [Active-active](#active-active) * [Layer 4 load balancing](#layer-4-load-balancing) * [Layer 7 load balancing](#layer-7-load-balancing) * [Horizontal scaling](#horizontal-scaling) * [Reverse proxy (web server)](#reverse-proxy-web-server) * [Load balancer vs reverse proxy](#load-balancer-vs-reverse-proxy) * [Application layer](#application-layer) * [Microservices](#microservices) * [Service discovery](#service-discovery) * [Database](#database) * [Relational database management system (RDBMS)](#relational-database-management-system-rdbms) * [Master-slave replication](#master-slave-replication) * [Master-master replication](#master-master-replication) * [Federation](#federation) * [Sharding](#sharding) * [Denormalization](#denormalization) * [SQL tuning](#sql-tuning) * [NoSQL](#nosql) * [Key-value store](#key-value-store) * [Document store](#document-store) * [Wide column store](#wide-column-store) * [Graph Database](#graph-database) * [SQL or NoSQL](#sql-or-nosql) * [Cache](#cache) * [Client caching](#client-caching) * [CDN caching](#cdn-caching) * [Web server caching](#web-server-caching) * [Database caching](#database-caching) * [Application caching](#application-caching) * [Caching at the database query level](#caching-at-the-database-query-level) * [Caching at the object level](#caching-at-the-object-level) * [When to update the cache](#when-to-update-the-cache) * [Cache-aside](#cache-aside) * [Write-through](#write-through) * [Write-behind (write-back)](#write-behind-write-back) * [Refresh-ahead](#refresh-ahead) * [Asynchron