International students in Victorian universities.pdf
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Evaluation Journal of Australasia, Vol. 2 (new series), No. 1, August 2002
RESEARCH SUMMARY
International students in Victorian
universities
Introduction
Since 1988 the Commonwealth Government has encouraged Australia’s higher education
system to be more commercially oriented (see Figure 1). The Higher Education
Contribution Scheme (HECS) was introduced in 1989 for domestic undergraduate places,
and universities were no longer penalised financially for raising private income.
Universities were also permitted to set fees for international students at cost or above, and
were not constrained in the number of international fee-paying students they could admit.
FIGURE 1: HIGHER EDUCATION REVENUE, AUSTRALIA, 1991 TO 2003
(1991–1999 actual, 2000–2003 estimated)
(a)
(a)
Fees and charges do not include estimates for the new Postgraduate Education Loans Scheme that will be
implemented in 2002. For comparison purposes all amounts have been expressed in estimated 2001 prices.
Source: Department of Education, Science and Training, 2001.
Figure 2 illustrates how sources of revenue for universities have changed over the
longer term. It can be seen that since the 1950s, State Government funding for higher
education had been declining significantly as a proportion of total public funding for
universities, and now constitutes between 1 and 2% of university budgets. Conversely,
Commonwealth funding increased considerably as a proportion of total funding from the
1940s until the late 1980s after which it too declined. Finally, student contributions have
Scott Bayley
Rob Fernside
John Arnol
John Misiano
Rocco Rottura
Pam Williams
Scott Bayley, Rob
Fernside, John Arnol, John
Misiano, Rocco Rottura
and Pam Williams are
with the Victorian
Auditor-General’s Office
1
.
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
($) million
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
Commonwealth grants including HECS Fees and charges Other
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