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### M-ATX电气设计建议知识点解析 #### 一、M-ATX主板概述 M-ATX（Micro ATX）是一种比标准ATX规格更小的主板设计标准，主要适用于那些对空间有一定要求但又不想牺牲太多扩展性的PC用户。这种主板在保持基本功能的同时，减少了尺寸和成本，使得其在小型机箱和个人电脑领域内非常受欢迎。 #### 二、M-ATX电气设计基本原则 M-ATX电气设计主要包括主板参数、尺寸以及固定孔等关键因素的设计。这些设计要点对于确保主板的稳定性和兼容性至关重要。下面将详细解释这些方面的具体要求。 ##### 1. 主板参数 - **电源接口**：通常采用24针ATX电源接口。 - **内存插槽**：支持DDR3或DDR4等主流内存类型，一般配备2到4个DIMM插槽。 - **CPU插座**：根据目标市场定位，选择不同的CPU插座类型，如LGA 1151、AM4等。 - **扩展插槽**：尽管尺寸较小，但仍需提供至少1个PCI-E x16显卡插槽和其他必要的PCI-E x1/x4插槽。 - **SATA端口**：至少应包含4个SATA 6 Gb/s端口，以满足存储需求。 ##### 2. 尺寸 - **标准尺寸**：M-ATX主板的标准尺寸为9.6英寸×9.6英寸（约244毫米×244毫米），比标准ATX主板（12英寸×9.6英寸）小。 - **外形设计**：虽然尺寸较小，但在布局上需要合理安排，确保所有必要组件都能有效安装且不会相互干扰。 ##### 3. 固定孔 - **固定孔数量与位置**：M-ATX主板需要有固定的孔位来确保与机箱的兼容性。一般来说，这些孔位应该按照特定的标准分布，以便于安装和加固主板。 - **兼容性考虑**：为了提高兼容性，固定孔的设计需要考虑到不同品牌机箱之间的差异，确保能够适配大多数M-ATX机箱。 #### 三、M-ATX电气设计中的注意事项 1. **散热设计**：由于M-ATX主板的空间有限，散热设计变得尤为重要。合理规划散热器的位置和大小，以确保CPU和GPU等发热部件的有效散热。 2. **布线优化**：由于主板面积较小，电路板上的走线需要更加紧凑高效，避免信号干扰，确保数据传输的稳定性和完整性。 3. **扩展性考量**：虽然M-ATX主板的尺寸较小，但仍然需要考虑到用户的扩展需求，如提供足够的USB端口、音频接口等。 4. **耐用性与可靠性**：在有限的空间内，如何保证主板的耐用性和可靠性也是一个重要的设计考量。例如，使用高质量的电容、电阻等电子元件，并确保主板的制造工艺达到高标准。 #### 四、总结 M-ATX电气设计建议涵盖了主板设计的基本原则和技术细节，旨在帮助设计师们创造出既小巧又功能强大的主板产品。通过遵循上述设计指南，可以有效提升产品的性能表现和用户体验，同时降低生产成本，满足市场需求。无论是对于专业设计师还是爱好者来说，掌握这些知识点都是非常有价值的。
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Document Number: 600571
MicroATX Electrical Design
Suggestions
Design Guide
Revision 1.1
July 2018
2 Design Guide
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Design Guide 3
Contents
1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 6
1.1 Related Documents ............................................................................... 6
2 Motherboard Electrical Design Suggestions .......................................................... 7
2.1 PCI Bus ................................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 PCI Simulation ......................................................................... 7
2.1.2 Simulation Results and Recommendations ................................... 7
2.1.3 PCI REQ#/GNT# Implementation ............................................... 7
2.1.4 64-bit PCI ............................................................................... 8
2.1.5 IDSEL Assignment .................................................................... 8
2.1.6 3VSB ...................................................................................... 9
2.1.7 PCI_PME# ............................................................................... 9
2.2 IDE Signals .......................................................................................... 9
2.3 Floppy Signals ..................................................................................... 10
2.4 Power Signals ..................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 -5V ...................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 PWR_OK ............................................................................... 11
2.4.3 PS_ON# ............................................................................... 12
2.4.4 5VSB .................................................................................... 12
2.4.5 Power Design ........................................................................ 12
2.5 Front Panel Signals .............................................................................. 12
2.5.1 HD_PWR, HDA#, LED_GRN, and LED_YEL Signals ....................... 13
2.5.2 FPBUT_IN ............................................................................. 13
2.5.3 FPSLP# ................................................................................. 13
2.5.4 FP_RST# .............................................................................. 13
2.5.5 IRRX, IRTX, and IR_PWR Infrared Signals .................................. 14
2.6 Fan Control ......................................................................................... 14
2.7 Tamper Detection ................................................................................ 14
2.7.1 Tamper Detect Design ............................................................ 15
2.8 Implementing Audio on microATX Platforms ............................................. 15
2.9 Infrared Design ................................................................................... 16
2.10 Modem Wake ...................................................................................... 17
3 Motherboard Device Placement ........................................................................ 18
3.1 AGP-up Design .................................................................................... 18
3.2 AGP-down Design ................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Motherboard Design Checklist ................................................... 20
4 Electrical Implementation of AGP ...................................................................... 23
4.1 Simulation Results ............................................................................... 23
5 Definitions .................................................................................................... 25
Figures
Figure 2-1. Motherboard Layout for Simulation Exercise ........................................ 8
Figure 2-2. Fan Control Circuitry ...................................................................... 14
Figure 2-3. Routing Audio, Example .................................................................. 15
Figure 2-4. Plane Splits, Example ..................................................................... 16
Figure 2-5. IR Implementation, Example ........................................................... 17
Figure 3-1. AGP-up Motherboard Layout, Example .............................................. 18
Figure 3-2. AGP-down Motherboard Layout, Example .......................................... 19
4 Design Guide
Figure 4-1.Skew Components .......................................................................... 23
Tables
Table 2-1. IDE Signals ...................................................................................... 9
Table 2-2. Floppy Signals ................................................................................ 10
Table 2-3. Power Signals ................................................................................. 11
Table 2-4. 2x9 Front Panel Header Pinout, Example ............................................ 13
Table 4-1. Motherboard Recommendations for AGP ............................................. 24
Table 4-2. Control and Clock Signal Recommendations ........................................ 24
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