obspy操作说明-地震数据处理

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《OBSPY 中文教程》

V 1.0

2020 / 04 / 12

本教程不尝试全面，涵盖每一个功能。相反，它介绍了许多 ObsPy 最值得注意的功能，
并会给你一些关于库使用的建议。 
目录 
1.  UTCDateTime（世界标准时间数据） ...................................................................................... 6 
1)  初始化:.............................................................................................................................. 6 
2)  属性访问 ........................................................................................................................... 6 
3)  处理时间差 ....................................................................................................................... 6 
2.  Reading  Seismograms（读取地震数据） .............................................................................. 7 
1)  访问元信息 ....................................................................................................................... 7 
2)  访问波形数据 ................................................................................................................... 8 
3)  数据浏览 ........................................................................................................................... 8 
3.  Waveform  Plotting  Tutorial（波形绘制） ............................................................................. 8 
1)  基本绘制 ........................................................................................................................... 9 
2)  自定义绘制 ....................................................................................................................... 9 
3)  保存图像 ........................................................................................................................... 9 
4)  绘制多通道图形 ............................................................................................................... 9 
5)  创建 One-Day 图像 ........................................................................................................... 9 
6)  绘制一段记录 ................................................................................................................. 10 
7)  绘图和颜色选项 ............................................................................................................. 10 
8)  使用 Matplotlib 自定义绘图 .......................................................................................... 10 
4.  Retrieving  Data  from  Data  Centers（从数据中心检索数据） ......................................... 10 
1)  FDSN 网络服务 ............................................................................................................... 11 
2)  ArcLink ............................................................................................................................. 11 
3)  IRIS 网络服务 .................................................................................................................. 12 
4)  Earthworm Wave  服务 ................................................................................................... 12 
5)  NERIES 网络服务 ............................................................................................................ 12 
6)  NEIC ................................................................................................................................. 12 
7)  Syngine 服务 ................................................................................................................... 12 
5.  Filtering  Seismograms（滤波） ............................................................................................ 13 
6.  Downsampling  Seismograms（下采样） ............................................................................. 13 
7.  Merging  Seismograms（合并） ............................................................................................ 14 
8.  Beamforming  -  FK  Analysis  （FK 分析） ............................................................................ 15 
9.  Seismogram  Envelopes（信号包络） .................................................................................. 22 
10.  Plotting  Spectrograms（绘制频谱图） ................................................................................ 24 
11.  Trigger/Picker  Tutorial（触发器/拾取器教程）................................................................... 25 
1)  读取波形数据 ................................................................................................................. 25 
2)  可用方法 ......................................................................................................................... 26 
3)  触发器的例子 ................................................................................................................. 27 
a)  典型 STA/LTA ........................................................................................................... 27 
b)  Z 探测 ...................................................................................................................... 28 
c)  递归 STA/LTA ........................................................................................................... 28 
d)  卡尔-STA-触发......................................................................................................... 29 
e)  延迟 STA/LTA ........................................................................................................... 30 

4)  网络联合触发示例 ......................................................................................................... 31 
5)  含有相似检测的高级网络联合触发器示例 ................................................................. 33 
6)  拾取器示例 ..................................................................................................................... 35 
a)  Baer Picker............................................................................................................... 35 
b)  AR Picker.................................................................................................................. 35 
7)  高级例程 ......................................................................................................................... 36 
12.  Poles  and  Zeros,  Frequency  Response（零极点和频率响应） ........................................ 37 
13.  Seismometer  Correction/Simulation（地震仪校准和仿真） .............................................. 39 
1)  计算滤波阶段的响应 ..................................................................................................... 39 
a)  使用 StationXML 文件或者常用的 Inventory 对象 ............................................... 39 
b)  使用 RESP 文件 ....................................................................................................... 40 
c)  使用缺/全数据 SEED 文件（或 XMLSEED 文件） ................................................ 42 
2)  使用 PAZ 字典 ................................................................................................................. 43 
14.  Clone  an  Existing  Dataless  SEED  File            （复制现有的无数据 SEED 文件） ............ 45 
15.  Export  Seismograms  to  MATLAB（导出数据到 MATLAB） ............................................... 46 
16.  Export  Seismograms  to  ASCII（导出数据为 ASCII 文件） ................................................. 47 
1)  Built-in  内置格式 ........................................................................................................... 47 
2)  自定义格式 ..................................................................................................................... 48 
17.  Anything  to  MiniSEED（转换任意文件格式为 MiniSEED） ............................................... 48 
18.  Beachball  Plot（绘制沙滩球图） ......................................................................................... 49 
19.  Basemap  Plots ........................................................................................................................ 51 
1)  设置自定义投影的 Basemap plot .................................................................................. 51 
2)  确定地点的带有 Beachball 的 Basemap plot ................................................................ 52 
3)  带有 beachball 的全球 Basemap ................................................................................... 55 
20.  Interfacing  R  from  Python（从 python 对接到 R） ........................................................... 56 
21.  Coordinate  Conversions（坐标转换） ................................................................................. 57 
22.  Hierarchical  Clustering（分级聚类） ................................................................................... 57 
23.  Visualizing  Probabilistic  Power  Spectral  Densities    （可视化概率功率谱密度） .......... 59 
24.  Array  Response  Function（数组响应函数） ...................................................................... 64 
25.  Continuous  Wavelet  Transform（连续小波变换） ............................................................. 65 
1)  使用 obspy ...................................................................................................................... 65 
2)  使用 MLPY....................................................................................................................... 66 
26.  Time  Frequency  Misfit（时频失配） .................................................................................. 68 
1)  绘制时频表示图 ............................................................................................................. 68 
2)  绘制时频失配 ................................................................................................................. 69 
3)  绘制时频适配 ................................................................................................................. 71 
4)  多组件数据 ..................................................................................................................... 73 
5)  局部归一化 ..................................................................................................................... 74 
27.  Visualize  Data  Availability  of  Local  Waveform  Archive（可视化本地波形存档数据的可
用性）..................................................................................................................................... 76 
28.  Travel  Time  and  Ray  Path  Plotting（走时和射线路径绘制） .......................................... 76 
1)  走时绘制 ......................................................................................................................... 76 
2)  笛卡尔射线路径 ............................................................................................................. 77 
3)  球形射线路径 ................................................................................................................. 78 