pip-0.6.2.tar.gz

pip === pip installs Python packages. It is a replacement for ``easy_install``. Documentation follows; to download `visit the PyPI entry <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`_ (or the `repository <http://bitbucket.org/ianb/pip/>`_). .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 news requirement-format configuration .. comment: split here Introduction ------------ pip is a replacement for `easy_install <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall>`_. It uses mostly the same techniques for finding packages, so packages that were made easy_installable should be pip-installable as well. pip is meant to improve on easy_install. Some of the improvements: * All packages are downloaded before installation. Partially-completed installation doesn't occur as a result. * Care is taken to present useful output on the console. * The reasons for actions are kept track of. For instance, if a package is being installed, pip keeps track of why that package was required. * Error messages should be useful. * The code is relatively concise and cohesive, making it easier to use programmatically. * Packages don't have to be installed as egg archives, they can be installed flat (while keeping the egg metadata). * Native support for other version control systems (Git, Mercurial and Bazaar) * Uninstallation of packages. * Simple to define fixed sets of requirements and reliably reproduce a set of packages. pip is complementary with `virtualenv <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv>`_, and it is encouraged that you use virtualenv to isolate your installation. Community --------- The homepage for pip is temporarily located `on PyPI <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`_ -- a more proper homepage will follow. Bugs can go on the `pip issue tracker <http://bitbucket.org/ianb/pip/issues/>`_. Discussion should happen on the `virtualenv email group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-virtualenv?hl=en>`_. Differences From easy_install ----------------------------- pip cannot install some packages. Specifically: * It cannot install from eggs. It only installs from source. (In the future it would be good if it could install binaries from Windows ``.exe`` or ``.msi`` -- binary install on other platforms is not a priority.) * It doesn't understand Setuptools extras (like ``package[test]``). This should be added eventually. * It is incompatible with some packages that customize distutils or setuptools in their ``setup.py`` files. * Maybe it doesn't work on Windows. At least, the author doesn't test on Windows often. * It also has some extra features. Extra features the author thinks are great. Uninstall --------- pip is able to uninstall most installed packages with ``pip uninstall package-name``. Known exceptions include pure-distutils packages installed with ``python setup.py install`` (such packages leave behind no metadata allowing determination of what files were installed), and script wrappers installed by develop-installs (``python setup.py develop``). pip also performs an automatic uninstall of an old version of a package before upgrading to a newer version, so outdated files (and egg-info data) from conflicting versions aren't left hanging around to cause trouble. The old version of the package is automatically restored if the new version fails to download or install. .. _`requirements file`: Requirements Files ------------------ When installing software, and Python packages in particular, it's common that you get a lot of libraries installed. You just did ``easy_install MyPackage`` and you get a dozen packages. Each of these packages has its own version. Maybe you ran that installation and it works. Great! Will it keep working? Did you have to provide special options to get it to find everything? Did you have to install a bunch of other optional pieces? Most of all, will you be able to do it again? Requirements files give you a way to create an *environment*: a *set* of packages that work together. If you've ever tried to setup an application on a new system, or with slightly updated pieces, and had it fail, pip requirements are for you. If you haven't had this problem then you will eventually, so pip requirements are for you too -- requirements make explicit, repeatable installation of packages. So what are requirements files? They are very simple: lists of packages to install. Instead of running something like ``pip MyApp`` and getting whatever libraries come along, you can create a requirements file something like:: MyApp Framework==0.9.4 Library>=0.2 Then, regardless of what MyApp lists in ``setup.py``, you'll get a specific version of Framework (0.9.4) and at least the 0.2 version of Library. (You might think you could list these specific versions in MyApp's ``setup.py`` -- but if you do that you'll have to edit MyApp if you want to try a new version of Framework, or release a new version of MyApp if you determine that Library 0.3 doesn't work with your application.) You can also add optional libraries and support tools that MyApp doesn't strictly require, giving people a set of recommended libraries. You can also include "editable" packages -- packages that are checked out from Subversion, Git, Mercurial and Bazaar. These are just like using the ``-e`` option to pip. They look like:: -e svn+http://myrepo/svn/MyApp#egg=MyApp You have to start the URL with ``svn+`` (``git+``, ``hg+`` or ``bzr+``), and you have to include ``#egg=Package`` so pip knows what to expect at that URL. You can also include ``@rev`` in the URL, e.g., ``@275`` to check out revision 275. Requirement files are mostly *flat*. Maybe ``MyApp`` requires ``Framework``, and ``Framework`` requires ``Library``. I encourage you to still list all these in a single requirement file; it is the nature of Python programs that there are implicit bindings *directly* between MyApp and Library. For instance, Framework might expose one of Library's objects, and so if Library is updated it might directly break MyApp. If that happens you can update the requirements file to force an earlier version of Library, and you can do that without having to re-release MyApp at all. Read the `requirements file format <requirement-format.html>`_ to learn about other features. Freezing Requirements --------------------- So you have a working set of packages, and you want to be able to install them elsewhere. `Requirements files`_ let you install exact versions, but it won't tell you what all the exact versions are. To create a new requirements file from a known working environment, use:: $ pip freeze > stable-req.txt This will write a listing of *all* installed libraries to ``stable-req.txt`` with exact versions for every library. You may want to edit the file down after generating (e.g., to eliminate unnecessary libraries), but it'll give you a stable starting point for constructing your requirements file. You can also give it an existing requirements file, and it will use that as a sort of template for the new file. So if you do:: $ pip freeze -r devel-req.txt > stable-req.txt it will keep the packages listed in ``devel-req.txt`` in order and preserve comments. Bundles ------- Another way to distribute a set of libraries is a bundle format (specific to pip). This format is not stable at this time (there simply hasn't been any feedback, nor a great deal of thought). A bundle file contains all the source for your package, and you can have pip install them all together. Once you have the bundle file further network access won't be necessary. To build a bundle file, do:: $ pip bundle MyApp.pybundle MyApp (Using a `requirements file`_ would be wise.) Then someone else can get the file ``MyApp.pybundle`` and run:: $ pip install MyApp.pybundle This is *not* a binary format. This only packages source. If you have binary packages, then the person who installs the files will have to have a compiler,